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Read the following two passages about different diets. For questions 9-15 choose the best answer (A, B or C).
| Vegetarianism |
| Vegetarians, who account for about 5% of the US adult population, do not eat meat (including poultry and seafood). The percentage of Americans who are vegetarian has remained steady for two decades. Proponents of vegetarianism say that eating meat harms health, wastes resources, and creates pollution. They often argue that killing animals for food is cruel and unethical since non-animal food sources are plentiful. Opponents of a vegetarian diet say that meat consumption is healthful and humane, and that using vegetables in a diet causes many of the same environmental problems as using meat. They also argue that humans have been eating and enjoying meat for 2.3 million years. Researchers, from UC Davis, found that health was the most common motivation for switching to a vegetarian diet. The results of the three-year, 8,000-person study, published in Apr. 2020, found that concern about the environment and animal rights had less impact on the decision to give up meat. The authors noted that people following a plant-based diet for health reasons are also the least strict and compliant with vegetarianism. |
9. Which of the following can best replace the word ‘Proponents’ in the 2nd paragraph?
10. Opponents claim that, __________ .
11. According to the last paragraph, people become vegetarians, __________ .
| Rawism |
|
Raw foodism or Rawism is based on consuming food that is uncooked or unprocessed and it is an alternative that has been attracting many new followers. They endorse that changing the natural form of food, such as cooking it, would negatively affect its nutritional capacity. A raw vegan diet is generally rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, sprouted grains and legumes. Like veganism, it excludes all foods of animal origin and it also tends to be naturally low in processed foods. It also adds the concept of raw foodism, which dictates that foods should be eaten completely raw or heated at temperatures below 104–118°F (40–48°C). Those choosing to follow a raw vegan diet are often motivated by health reasons. They believe that raw and minimally heated foods are more nutritious than cooked ones since alternative meal preparation methods, such as juicing, blending, soaking, sprouting and dehydrating, are used instead of cooking. |
12. According to the 1st paragraph, people turn to Rawism because, __________ .
13. Which of the following can best replace the word ‘dictates’ in the 1st paragraph?
14. The writer uses the words: juicing, blending, soaking, sprouting and dehydrating,to __________ .
15. What is a drawback of a raw vegan diet?
