Λύσεις — Unit 2: First Aid – ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ ΤΟΜΕΑΣ ΥΓΕΙΑΣ ΠΡΟΝΟΙΑΣ ΕΥΕΞΙΑΣ Β ΕΠΑΛ

Λύσεις — Unit 2: First Aid

Λύσεις των 9 φιλτραρισμένων κλειστών ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 31-41): αναγνώριση αντικειμένων κουτιού πρώτων βοηθειών, Αληθές/Ψευδές, λεξιλόγιο πρώτων βοηθειών (ορισμοί, συμπλήρωση προτάσεων, ζεύγη όρων), make/do collocations, cloze πολλαπλής επιλογής σε αυθεντικό κείμενο, και οδηγίες αντιμετώπισης τραύματος.

Συμπλήρωση κενών - είδη κουτιού πρώτων βοηθειών (Exercise 1)

Ερώτηση: Fill in the gaps below using words from the first aid kit list above: 1................................. 2.................................... 3................................ 4.................................... 6.................................... 5.................................... 7....................................

Απάντηση:

• Η άσκηση δείχνει 7 φωτογραφίες αντικειμένων πρώτων βοηθειών (NEXT_BOOK.md §3ζ, render με pdftoppm) που πρέπει να αντιστοιχηθούν με τη λίστα του κουτιού πρώτων βοηθειών (σελ. 30): 1η φωτογραφία: λαβίδα κρατά κομμάτι γάζας. 2η: βαμβακοφόρα στικ (cotton swabs) μέσα σε δοχείο. 3η: βαζάκι με αλοιφή δίπλα σε λουλούδι (καλέντουλα). 4η: γαλάζια ψυκτικά επιθέματα τζελ. 5η: ρολό υφασμάτινου επίδεσμου. 6η: χέρι τοποθετεί προστατευτικό στο μάτι ασθενή. 7η: φυλλάδιο-οδηγός «Pediatric First Aid».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. (sterile) gauze, 2. antiseptic wipes and swabs, 3. burn ointment, 4. chemical cold pack, 5. bandages/roller bandages and tape, 6. eye shield and eye wash, 7. first aid reference guide.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Χρειάστηκε εξέταση της σελίδας ως εικόνα (χωρίς αυτήν δεν προκύπτει καμία αντιστοίχιση από το απλό pdftotext, που δεν εξάγει ονόματα φωτογραφιών).

Αληθές/Ψευδές - Πρώτες βοήθειες (Exercise 3)

Ερώτηση: True or False? Read the first aid tips carefully and then answer which of the following sentences are true (T) or false (F). 1. You have to move someone onto their side if they are unresponsive and they are not breathing. 2. You must always make a person sick at once if he/she has swallowed a poisonous substance. 3. When someone has got a burn, you should use cold running water. 4. You shouldn't ever exercise any pressure on a bleeding wound.

Απάντηση:

• 1. Το κείμενο (σελ. 32) προτείνει να τοποθετηθεί κάποιος στο πλάι ΜΟΝΟ όταν είναι unresponsive αλλά ΑΝΑΠΝΕΕΙ («Place the person on their side and tilt their head back»)· αν ΔΕΝ αναπνέει, γίνεται CPR, όχι τοποθέτηση στο πλάι → Ψευδές.
• 2. Σελ. 33: «Do not make the person sick because you can cause further damage to the throat or block their airway» → Ψευδές.
• 3. Σελ. 32: «Cool the burn under cold running water for at least ten minutes» → Αληθές.
• 4. Σελ. 32: «Put pressure on the wound with whatever is available to stop or slow down the flow of blood» → πρέπει να ασκηθεί πίεση, άρα Ψευδές.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-Ψευδές, 2-Ψευδές, 3-Αληθές, 4-Ψευδές.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Η πρόταση 1 συγχέει σκόπιμα τις δύο διαφορετικές οδηγίες (unresponsive+breathing vs. unresponsive+not breathing) — διάβασε προσεκτικά ΠΟΙΑ κατάσταση περιγράφει κάθε πρόταση του κειμένου.

Αντιστοίχιση όρων-ορισμών (Exercise 5)

Ερώτηση: Match the words (1-10) with the definitions (A-J). 1. unresponsive 2. CPR 3. compression 4. release 5. tilt 6. paramedic 7. blister 8. third degree burn 9. drowsy 10. immobilise A cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a method used to keep someone alive in a medical emergency, in which you blow into the person's mouth and press on their chest B stop something or someone from moving C a painful swelling on the skin that contains liquid, caused usually by continuous rubbing, especially on your foot, or by burning D a person who is trained to do medical work, especially in an emergency, but not a doctor or nurse E not reacting or moving at all because of being unconscious or very ill F move into a sloping position G being in a state between sleeping and being awake H the act of applying pressure in order to help blood flow through the heart I an injury caused by exposure to heat or flame in which the flesh is destroyed J let go, set free, allow something to move freely

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 35): unresponsive=E, CPR=A, compression=H, release=J, tilt=F, paramedic=D, blister=C, third degree burn=I, drowsy=G, immobilise=B.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-E (unresponsive), 2-A (CPR), 3-H (compression), 4-J (release), 5-F (tilt), 6-D (paramedic), 7-C (blister), 8-I (third degree burn), 9-G (drowsy), 10-B (immobilise).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Συμπλήρωση προτάσεων με σωστό τύπο λέξης (Exercise 6)

Ερώτηση: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the following list. compression unresponsive blister damage injury lethargic threat release 1 The key aim of first aid is to save lives and minimise the of death. 2 Chest may allow the heart to start pumping blood again. 3 Because of , her career as a dancer came to a premature end in 1998. 4 The patient was when he was brought into hospital. 5 A bandage must be put on when the breaks. 6 When you exercise, your body chemicals called endorphins, which in turn may trigger a positive feeling in the body. 7 The child became __ because of the lack of oxygen in the room. 8 Heavy drinking can cause permanent to the brain.

Απάντηση:

• 1. «minimise the of death» → threat. 2. «Chest may allow the heart to start pumping blood again» → compressions (πληθυντικός, ουσιαστικό). 3. «Because of , her career... ended prematurely» → injury. 4. «The patient was » (επίθετο) → unresponsive. 5. «when the breaks» → blister. 6. «your body chemicals» (ρήμα, ενεστώτας, γ' ενικό) → releases. 7. «The child became » (επίθετο) → lethargic. 8. «cause permanent to the brain» → damage.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. threat, 2. compressions, 3. injury, 4. unresponsive, 5. blister, 6. releases, 7. lethargic, 8. damage.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Συμπλήρωση ζευγών προτάσεων (Exercise 7)

Ερώτηση: Complete each blank in the following pairs of sentences with the correct word. 1. alert / unconscious a. I don't feel today. I didn't sleep enough last night. b. He suffered a major heart attack which left him . 2. bleeding / injured a. She was heavily when she cut her finger. b. They were badly in the car accident. 3. choking / drowning a. She dived into the sea and saved the child. b. He was because food had entered his larynx. 4. release / immobilise a. If you can the skin around the wound, it eases the tension and feels better. b. Firefighters took two hours to the driver from the wreckage.

Απάντηση:

• 1α. «I don't feel today, I didn't sleep enough» → alert. 1β. «left him » (μετά από καρδιακή προσβολή) → unconscious.
• 2α. «She was heavily when she cut her finger» → bleeding. 2β. «badly in the car accident» → injured.
• 3α. «saved the child» (από πνιγμό στη θάλασσα) → drowning. 3β. «He was because food had entered his larynx» → choking.
• 4. Οι δύο έννοιες («release»=απελευθερώνω/χαλαρώνω, «immobilise»=ακινητοποιώ) ταιριάζουν με αντιστροφή προσοχής: 4β. «Firefighters took two hours to the driver from the wreckage» ταιριάζει σαφέστερα στο release (απελευθέρωση από συνθλιμμένο όχημα)· άρα 4α. «If you can the skin around the wound, it eases the tension» παίρνει το immobilise εξ απαλοιφής.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1α. alert, 1β. unconscious, 2α. bleeding, 2β. injured, 3α. drowning, 3β. choking, 4α. immobilise, 4β. release.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Το ζεύγος 4 έχει αμφισβητούμενη απόδοση: το «immobilise the skin around the wound» δεν είναι τυπικός γραμματικός συνδυασμός στα αγγλικά, αλλά είναι η μόνη λέξη που απομένει αφού το «release» ταιριάζει ξεκάθαρα στο «release the driver from the wreckage» — σημειώνεται ως αβέβαιο.

Make/Do collocations — κατάταξη σε 2 στήλες (Exercise 8)

Ερώτηση: Expressions with MAKE and DO. In the first aid tips we read "Make sure they are conscious". What other expressions with make can you think of? Put the words below in the correct column. a course a difference a promise my best a fortune a date business my duty an appointment a job a favour arrangements an excuse harm the shopping a choice my hair research a decision a remark make do

Απάντηση:

• Πρόκειται για καθιερωμένους αγγλικούς συνδυασμούς (collocations) του make και του do: MAKE συνδυάζεται με λέξεις που δηλώνουν δημιουργία/παραγωγή αποτελέσματος (a difference, a promise, a fortune, a date, an appointment, arrangements, an excuse, a choice, a decision, a remark). DO συνδυάζεται με λέξεις που δηλώνουν εκτέλεση δραστηριότητας/καθήκοντος (a course, my best, business, my duty, a job, a favour, harm, the shopping, my hair, research).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) MAKE: a difference, a promise, a fortune, a date, an appointment, arrangements, an excuse, a choice, a decision, a remark. DO: a course, my best, business, my duty, a job, a favour, harm, the shopping, my hair, research.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Συμπλήρωση με σωστό τύπο make/do (Exercise 9)

Ερώτηση: Complete the sentences with the correct form of make and do. 1 Have you your homework? 2 Peter decided to a course in first aid. 3 Let's an attempt to be at the train station in time. 4 They are plans for the weekend. 5 Hurry up! I have got a lot of things to . 6 The storm has a lot of damage to the house. 7 She a nice comment about my new dress. 8 The student is an excuse because she is late.

Απάντηση:

• 1. «Have you your homework?» (do homework, ενεστώτας τετελεσμένος) → done. 2. «decided to a course» (do a course) → do. 3. «Let's an attempt» (make an attempt) → make. 4. «They are plans» (make plans) → making. 5. «a lot of things to » (do things) → do. 6. «The storm has a lot of damage» (do damage) → done. 7. «She a nice comment» (make a comment) → made. 8. «The student is an excuse» (make an excuse) → making.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. done, 2. do, 3. make, 4. making, 5. do, 6. done, 7. made, 8. making.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Cloze πολλαπλής επιλογής (Exercise 10)

Ερώτηση: Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Basic first aid refers to the (1) process of assessing and addressing the needs of someone who has been injured or is in physiological distress due to choking, a heart attack, allergic (2), drugs or other medical emergencies. Basic first aid allows you to quickly (3) a person's physical condition and the correct course of treatment. You should always seek (4) medical help as soon as you are able, but following correct first aid procedures can be the difference between life and death. Determine responsiveness. If a person is (5), try to rouse them by speaking to them or by tapping at the shoulder. Do not be afraid to speak loudly or even shout. If they do not (6) to activity, sound, touch, or other stimulation, determine whether they are breathing. Check for breathing and a (7). If unconscious and unable to be roused, check for breathing: look for a rise in the chest area; listen for the sound of air coming in and out; feel for air using the side of your face. If any debris such as vomit can be seen, it is appropriate to move them onto their side to allow it to get out, which is achieved with the (8) position. 1 A first B early C initial D primary 2 A response B reply C reaction D result 3 A decide B determine C find D establish 4 A professional B expert C specialised D qualified 5 A responsive B exhausted C lethargic D unconscious 6 A move B respond C answer D reply 7 A beat B pulse C reaction D pulsation 8 A recovery B revitalisation C revival D restoration

Απάντηση:

• 1. «the ___ process of assessing and addressing the needs» → initial (C) — αρχική διαδικασία εκτίμησης.
• 2. «allergic ___» → reaction (C) — καθιερωμένος όρος «allergic reaction».
• 3. «quickly ___ a person's physical condition» → determine (B) — προσδιορίζω την κατάσταση.
• 4. «seek ___ medical help» → professional (A) — καθιερωμένος συνδυασμός «professional medical help».
• 5. «If a person is ___, try to rouse them» → unconscious (D) — ταιριάζει με την ενότητα «Determine responsiveness».
• 6. «If they do not ___ to activity, sound, touch» → respond (B) — καθιερωμένο «respond to stimulation».
• 7. «Check for breathing and a ___» → pulse (B) — «breathing and a pulse» είναι καθιερωμένη φράση πρώτων βοηθειών.
• 8. «achieved with the ___ position» → recovery (A) — η «recovery position» είναι η επίσημη ονομασία της θέσης ανάνηψης.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-C (initial), 2-C (reaction), 3-B (determine), 4-A (professional), 5-D (unconscious), 6-B (respond), 7-B (pulse), 8-A (recovery).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Συμπλήρωση οδηγιών - αντιμετώπιση τραύματος στο χέρι (Exercise 14)

Ερώτηση: Complete the missing information in the instructions using the words below. blood bleeding elevated pressure arm heart apply clean How to treat an arm wound 1 Stop the as soon as possible. 2 Control the bleeding with direct . 3 Elevate the arm above the level of the . 4 Take some gauge. 5 direct pressure with your fingertips or hand. 6 Apply pressure to the vessels right at the side of the injury. 7 Wrap a piece of cloth around the several times and then tie it off. 8 Keep the arm .

Απάντηση:

• 1. «Stop the » → bleeding. 2. «Control the bleeding with direct » → pressure. 3. «Elevate the arm above the level of the » → heart. 4. «Take some gauge» (καθαρή γάζα) → clean. 5. « direct pressure with your fingertips» (ρήμα προστακτικής) → Apply. 6. «Apply pressure to the vessels» (αιμοφόρα αγγεία) → blood. 7. «Wrap a piece of cloth around the » → arm. 8. «Keep the arm » → elevated.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. bleeding, 2. pressure, 3. heart, 4. clean, 5. Apply, 6. blood, 7. arm, 8. elevated.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης: