Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 54 φιλτραρισμένων κλειστών ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 300-349): ιστορική εξέλιξη και ορισμός του κλιματισμού, επιλογή συστήματος/εκτίμηση φορτίου, τύποι συστημάτων, παράδειγμα επιλογής κλιματιστικού με τηλεχειριστήριο, και ασφαλής εγκατάσταση split-συστήματος.
Ερώτηση: How much do you know about the development of air conditioning? Answer the questions below. Then read the text which follows and check your answers. 1. What has man done to find relief from high temperatures? 2. Which principles were applied in comfort space cooling? 3. Which variations of weather did the first air-conditioning systems treat? Cold, or heat and moisture?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Ανέπτυξε συστήματα εξαερισμού (ventilation) και εφάρμοσε τις αρχές της ψύξης σε συστήματα κλιματισμού. 2. Τις αρχές της ψύξης (refrigeration) που χρησιμοποιούνταν στην ψυκτική αποθήκευση (cold storage). 3. Θερμότητα και υγρασία (heat and moisture) — τα πρώτα κλιματιστικά ήταν θερινά (summer air-conditioning systems).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Give the text an appropriate heading. Write it in the space provided.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Ενδεικτικός τίτλος: «The Development/History of Air Conditioning».
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Match the paragraphs of the text with the subtitles below. a) The necessity to treat heat and humidity as well as cold. b) The emergence of comfort space cooling. c) Man's efforts to protect himself from the elements. d) Applications of air-conditioning. e) Man's first attempts to control high temperatures. f) Year-round air conditioners.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) §1-c, §2-a, §3-e, §4-b, §5-f, §6-d.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Are the following sentences true or false? Tick appropriately. 1. Man's attempts to control the weather belong to his efforts to improve his living standards. 2. Man's primary concern was to protect himself from heat. Next, he tried to find relief from cold. 3. Various ventilation mechanisms were designed in the 19th century to provide relief from heat. 4. The employment of the principles of refrigeration to comfort space cooling led to the production of summer air conditioners. 5. It wasn't difficult to install and maintain the first air conditioners. 6. The discovery of the principles of air conditioning was one of the most important events in the 19th century.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Σωστό. 2. Λάθος: πρώτα το κρύο, μετά η ζέστη/υγρασία. 3. Σωστό. 4. Σωστό. 5. Λάθος: ήταν δύσκολη η εγκατάσταση/συντήρηση. 6. Λάθος: 20ός αιώνας.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Choose the appropriate synonym from column B to replace in the text the words given in column A. Underline. 1st paragraph: elements (components–weather), conditions (standards–requirements), primary (original–main), concerns (efforts–troubles), seek (inquire–search), relief (comfort–help). 3rd paragraph: desire (effort–wish), led (resulted in–were directed). 4th paragraph: apply (use–manage), complicated (simple–complex), required (needed–asked), considerable (little–much).
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) elements=weather. conditions=standards. primary=main. concerns=efforts. seek=search. relief=comfort. desire=wish. led=resulted in. apply=use. complicated=complex. required=needed. considerable=much.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Combine nouns with modifiers as they appear in the text. Modifiers: air-conditioning, cold, year-round, living, ventilation, considerable, primary, comfort. Nouns: conditions, concern, systems, mechanisms, storage, space cooling, experience, air conditioners.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) living conditions, primary concern, cold storage, comfort space cooling, air-conditioning systems, considerable experience, ventilation mechanisms, year-round air conditioners.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Arrange the following sentences appropriately, to make a meaningful paragraph. Write a number in front of each sentence to show their order. Sentences: «For centuries people complained about high temperatures.» «At last, man has done something about hot weather, and has done so in a big way.» «At that time, fans were the only thing that seemed to do any good.» «As recently as a generation ago, people waving a fan in front of their face during the hot days of summer was a common sight.» «Unfortunately, nobody could do anything about it successfully.» «Today, however, the discovery of the air-conditioning principles has made fan waving unnecessary.» «They have been used since the days of the Pharaohs.»
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. For centuries people complained about high temperatures. 2. At that time, fans were the only thing that seemed to do any good. 3. They have been used since the days of the Pharaohs. 4. Unfortunately, nobody could do anything about it successfully. 5. As recently as a generation ago, people waving a fan in front of their face during the hot days of summer was a common sight. 6. Today, however, the discovery of the air-conditioning principles has made fan waving unnecessary. 7. At last, man has done something about hot weather, and has done so in a big way.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Use the table to make meaningful sentences. Verbs: raises, removes, circulates, controls, lowers, introduces.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Air conditioning introduces (fresh) air into a building. It raises or lowers the temperature (heats or cools the air). It removes impurities from the air (cleans it). It circulates the air. It controls the moisture content of the air (by humidifying or dehumidifying it).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Write the factor that corresponds to each task in the air conditioning process. Tasks performed: heating/cooling air, cleaning air, circulating air, introducing outside air, controlling the moisture content of the air.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) heating/cooling air → Temperature. cleaning air → Cleanliness of the air. circulating air → Movement of the air. introducing outside air → Ventilation. controlling the moisture content of the air → Relative humidity.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Complete the table on the next page by writing how each factor is treated. Choose from the list: introducing outside air and displacing the dirty air from the air-conditioned space / controlling the circulation of the air / controlling the moisture content in the air by humidifying or dehumidifying it / removing or adding heat to the air of the space, that is, cooling or heating it / filtering. Factors: Temperature, Relative humidity, Movement of the air, Cleanliness of the air, Ventilation.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Temperature → removing or adding heat to the air of the space, that is, cooling or heating it. Relative humidity → controlling the moisture content in the air by humidifying or dehumidifying it. Movement of the air → controlling the circulation of the air. Cleanliness of the air → filtering. Ventilation → introducing outside air and displacing the dirty air from the air-conditioned space.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Identify the factor the paragraphs below are related to. Write it in the space provided over each paragraph. §1: «The air must be circulated uniformly in an air conditioned room... The velocity of the air... is measured by an anemometer, also called velometer.» §2: «It is the ratio of the actual amount of moisture contained in the air to the maximum amount of moisture that the air can hold at the same temperature... we compare the readings of a dry- and a wet-bulb thermometer, or we use either an electronic psychrometer or a hygrometer.» §3: «Thanks to it, the dirty air is displaced from a space and replaced with fresh air from outside.» §4: «It causes feelings, such as: cold, cool, warm, hot, etc. It is measured by an ordinary thermometer, usually referred to as a «dry-bulb thermometer».» §5: «It is the process of removing impurities, such as dust, from the air which is introduced in an inhabited space with the use of filtres.»
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) §1: Movement of the air. §2: Relative humidity. §3: Ventilation. §4: Temperature. §5: Cleanliness of the air.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Complete the table with the missing words. English: principles of operation, moisture content, air-distribution system, ratio, factor, anemometer/velometer, hygrometer, wet-bulb thermometer. Greek: σχετική υγρασία, εξαερισμός, ταχύτητα, μέτρηση οργάνου, ψυχρόμετρο, θερμόμετρο ξηρού βολβού, ...
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) principles of operation = αρχές λειτουργίας. moisture content = περιεκτικότητα σε υγρασία. air-distribution system = σύστημα διανομής αέρα. ratio = λόγος/αναλογία. factor = παράγοντας. anemometer/velometer = ανεμόμετρο/βελόμετρο (μετρητής ταχύτητας αέρα). hygrometer = υγρόμετρο. wet-bulb thermometer = θερμόμετρο υγρού βολβού.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Match words with definitions. 1. treatment 2. to dehumidify 3. to displace 4. inhabited 5. uniformly 6. to define 7. moisture content 8. to balance 9. to humidify — a) to increase the amount of moisture in the air b) the amount of water which has been evaporated c) the way we deal with something d) to force something out of a place e) to become equal in amount, value or effect f) in the same way or amount, equally g) place where people live in h) to remove moisture from the air i) to describe or state clearly what something is.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-c, 2-h, 3-d, 4-g, 5-f, 6-i, 7-b, 8-e, 9-a.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Make pairs of synonyms by matching the words from the two lists below. A. impurity, introduce, humidity, benefit, ordinary, actual. B. true, common, dirt, bring in, moisture, advantage.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) impurity-dirt, introduce-bring in, humidity-moisture, benefit-advantage, ordinary-common, actual-true.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Answer the questions. 1. Is the air conditioner described in the above text operating in the heating or in the cooling mode? 2. Why is the condenser of air conditioners located outside the room being cooled and not inside it?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Λειτουργεί σε λειτουργία ψύξης (cooling mode) — ο εξατμιστής απορροφά θερμότητα από τον αέρα του δωματίου. 2. Γιατί δεν θα είχε νόημα να αφαιρείται η θερμότητα από τον χώρο με τον εξατμιστή και μετά να επιστρέφεται πίσω στον ίδιο χώρο ακτινοβολώντας την από τον συμπυκνωτή — γι' αυτό ο συμπυκνωτής τοποθετείται έξω από το δωμάτιο.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Write the three main types of air-conditioning systems. Air-conditioning systems: (a) installed in storehouses, restaurants, super markets... (b) installed in factories, machine-shops, workshops, etc. (c) installed in houses, offices, etc.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) (a) Commercial air-conditioning systems (storehouses, restaurants, supermarkets). (b) Industrial air-conditioning systems (factories, machine-shops, workshops). (c) Residential air-conditioning systems (houses, offices).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Write the Greek equivalent to the following terms: load estimate/estimation, heat loss(es), heat gain(s), heating load, cooling load, air-conditioning load, (output) heating capacity, (output) cooling capacity.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) load estimate/estimation = εκτίμηση φορτίου. heat loss(es) = απώλειες θερμότητας. heat gain(s) = κέρδη/προσθήκες θερμότητας. heating load = θερμαντικό φορτίο. cooling load = ψυκτικό φορτίο. air-conditioning load = φορτίο κλιματισμού. heating capacity = θερμαντική ισχύς/απόδοση. cooling capacity = ψυκτική ισχύς/απόδοση.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Which of the above terms are defined below? 1. It refers to the amount of heat added to a space by various sources (e.g. sun radiation). 2. It is the output capacity an air-conditioning unit must have so as to be able to handle the heating load in a space. 3. It is the amount of heat that must be removed from a space in order to balance the heat added to it by various sources. 4. It refers to the amount of heat lost from a space. 5. It is the output capacity an air-conditioning unit must have to be able to balance the heat gain in a space. 6. It is the amount of heat that must be added to a space in order to balance the heat lost from it.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. heat gain. 2. (output) heating capacity. 3. cooling load. 4. heat loss. 5. (output) cooling capacity. 6. heating load.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Answer the questions. 1. Why is it important to select the correct size of air-conditioning system? 2. What do we mean by the word «size»; capacity or dimensions? 3. What is an «H.V.A/C. engineer»? 4. What is the load estimation? 5. What is the usefulness of the load estimation procedure? 6. What is expressed by the air-conditioning load? 7. Why is the heating capacity associated with the heat loss and the cooling capacity with the heat gain?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Γιατί πολύ μικρό σύστημα δεν επαρκεί, πολύ μεγάλο δεν αποδίδει βέλτιστα. 2. Ισχύ/απόδοση (capacity), όχι φυσικές διαστάσεις. 3. Μηχανικός θέρμανσης-αερισμού-κλιματισμού (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning engineer). 4. Η διαδικασία υπολογισμού του φορτίου κλιματισμού ενός χώρου. 5. Καθορίζει την ισχύ εξόδου (output capacity) του συστήματος προς εγκατάσταση. 6. Την ποσότητα θερμότητας που πρέπει να αφαιρεθεί ή να προστεθεί σε έναν χώρο. 7. Γιατί η θερμαντική ισχύς πρέπει να εξισορροπεί τις απώλειες θερμότητας (heat loss) και η ψυκτική τα κέρδη θερμότητας (heat gain) του χώρου.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Fill in the missing information in the sentences below. The capacity of a winter/summer air-conditioning system must be able to handle the load, so as to balance the . The capacity of a year-round air-conditioning system must be able to handle both the and the load in a space, so as to balance both the and the ___.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) The heating capacity of a winter air-conditioning system must be able to handle the heating load, so as to balance the heat loss. The cooling capacity of a summer air-conditioning system must be able to handle the cooling load, so as to balance the heat gain. The capacity of a year-round air-conditioning system must be able to handle both the heating and the cooling load in a space, so as to balance both the heat loss and the heat gain.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Write the Greek equivalent to the following terms: heating load sources, cooling load sources, transmission/conduction/heat transfer, outside air (leakage), sun/solar radiation, heating season, cooling season, load estimating/estimate form.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) heating load sources = πηγές θερμαντικού φορτίου. cooling load sources = πηγές ψυκτικού φορτίου. transmission/conduction/heat transfer = μετάδοση/αγωγή θερμότητας. outside air (leakage) = εξωτερικός αέρας (διαρροή). sun/solar radiation = ηλιακή ακτινοβολία. heating season = χειμερινή περίοδος (θέρμανσης). cooling season = θερινή περίοδος (ψύξης). load estimating/estimate form = έντυπο εκτίμησης φορτίου.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Which load sources should be considered to determine the capacity of a winter, a summer or a year-round air-conditioning system? Tick appropriately. Load sources: Transmission, Outside air (leakage), Sun radiation, People, Lights, Appliances.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) WINTER: Transmission ✓, Outside air ✓ (μόνο αυτές δύο). SUMMER: Transmission ✓, Outside air ✓, Sun radiation ✓, People ✓, Lights ✓, Appliances ✓ (όλες). YEAR ROUND: όλες ✓ (και οι έξι πηγές, αφού καλύπτει και τις δύο περιόδους).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Identify the terms defined below. Write them in the space provided. 1. It refers to the fresh air which enters a building either by leakage through its various openings or through the ducts of the air-conditioning system. 2. It refers to the flow of heat from a high temperature to a low temperature through the various building materials of a house. 3. It is a form where all the measurements and calculations that help us determine the air-conditioning load are presented.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Outside air (leakage). 2. Transmission (conduction / heat transfer). 3. Load estimate form.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Underline the correct alternative. a) The direction of the heat flow (transmission) will be: always from the inside to the outside / always from the outside to the inside / either from the inside to the outside or the other-way-round, depending on the season. b) When calculating the heating load, transmission concerns the estimation of heat flow from the inside/outside of a building to the inside/outside, where the temperature is lower in the cold months. The larger the difference between these two temperatures, the more/less heat flows to the outside and is lost. c) In the heating season, the outside air is at a higher/lower temperature than the air in the air-conditioned space, thus adding to the heating/cooling load. In the cooling season, the outside air is at a higher/lower temperature than the inside air, adding to the heating/cooling load.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a) either from the inside to the outside of a building or the other-way-round, depending on the season of the year. b) from the inside to the outside, the more heat flows to the outside and is lost. c) Χειμώνας: ο εξωτερικός αέρας είναι σε χαμηλότερη (lower) θερμοκρασία, προσθέτοντας στο θερμαντικό (heating) φορτίο. Καλοκαίρι: ο εξωτερικός αέρας είναι σε υψηλότερη (higher) θερμοκρασία, προσθέτοντας στο ψυκτικό (cooling) φορτίο.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Check your knowledge by answering the following questions. 1. Which factors are responsible for the heat losses in a building? 2. Which sources are considered to determine the heating load? 3. How is heat transferred from a space with high temperature to another with low temperature? 4. Which direction does heat flow during summer? From the inside to the outside of a building, or the opposite? Why? 5. How is outside air supplied in a building? 6. Does the outside air cause heat losses or heat gains during the cooling season? Why? 7. Which of the cooling load sources give off moisture, besides raising the temperature in the air-conditioned space? 8. How does the load estimate form help us determine the size of the air-conditioning unit to be installed?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Transmission και outside air (leakage). 2. Transmission και outside air. 3. Με μετάδοση/αγωγή (transmission/conduction) μέσα από τα δομικά υλικά (τοίχοι, δάπεδα, οροφές). 4. Από έξω προς μέσα, γιατί το καλοκαίρι ο εξωτερικός αέρας είναι θερμότερος από τον εσωτερικό. 5. Είτε με διαρροή από ανοίγματα (πόρτες/παράθυρα) είτε μέσω αεραγωγών του συστήματος κλιματισμού. 6. Heat gains — γιατί τον καλοκαίρι είναι θερμότερος από τον εσωτερικό αέρα. 7. Οι άνθρωποι (people) — αποβάλλουν υγρασία μέσω εφίδρωσης/αναπνοής. 8. Καταγράφει όλες τις μετρήσεις/υπολογισμούς που βοηθούν στον προσδιορισμό του φορτίου, άρα και της απαιτούμενης ισχύος του συστήματος.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Make as many terms as you can by combining the following words: heat/heating, cooling, air-conditioning, output — load, estimation, loss, gain, system/unit — capacity, form, sources, season, flow. e.g. load estimation sources.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Ενδεικτικοί συνδυασμοί: heating load, cooling load, heat loss, heat gain, heating season, cooling season, heat flow, load estimation, load estimation form, load sources, heating load sources, cooling load sources, output capacity, heating capacity, cooling capacity, air-conditioning system/unit, air-conditioning load.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Complete the diagram with the main types of air-conditioning systems available on the market.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Air-Conditioning Systems: 1. Central station systems, 2. Unitary/Window systems, 3. Split-type systems (ceiling-suspended, wall-mounted, floor-standing).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: What kind of air-conditioning system would you install: a) in an office? b) in a shopping centre? c) to maintain comfort in the sitting and dining room of an apartment? d) in a factory?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a) Ένα unitary/window σύστημα (ενιαίος χώρος γραφείου). b) Ένα central station σύστημα (μεγάλο κτίριο). c) Ένα split-type σύστημα (διαμέρισμα). d) Ένα central station σύστημα (μεγάλο βιομηχανικό κτίριο).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Odd-one out. 1. size, dimension, capacity, output. 2. amount, quantity, quality, proportion. 3. practice, procedure, method, process. 4. component, element, part, fitting. 5. distinguish, arrange, classify, categorize. 6. indicate, show, express, extend. 7. select, prepare, choose, prefer. 8. adjust, determine, conclude, decide.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. odd: dimension. 2. odd: quality. 3. odd: practice. 4. odd: fitting. 5. odd: distinguish. 6. odd: extend. 7. odd: prepare. 8. odd: adjust.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Turn the sentences into the Passive Voice. 1. We measure the velocity of air with an anemometer. 2. We express the capacity of an air conditioner in kilowatts. 3. They manufactured the first air conditioners in the 30s. 4. The cooling load must balance the heat gains in a space. 5. Scientists discovered the principles on which air-conditioning systems operate in the twentieth century. 6. The technician has just installed a unitary system in Mr. Burton's office. 7. We also refer to transmission as conductivity or heat transfer. 8. We use the psychrometric chart to estimate the conditions of the outside air. 9. By the load estimation procedure, we calculate the heating and cooling load in a space. 10. At the end of the load estimation procedure, the H.V.A/C. engineer determined the capacity of the unit and selected the appropriate air-conditioning model.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. The velocity of air is measured with an anemometer. 2. The capacity of an air conditioner is expressed in kilowatts. 3. The first air conditioners were manufactured in the 30s. 4. The heat gains in a space must be balanced by the cooling load. 5. The principles on which air-conditioning systems operate were discovered in the twentieth century. 6. A unitary system has just been installed in Mr. Burton's office by the technician. 7. Transmission is also referred to as conductivity or heat transfer. 8. The psychrometric chart is used to estimate the conditions of the outside air. 9. The heating and cooling load in a space is calculated by the load estimation procedure. 10. At the end of the load estimation procedure, the capacity of the unit was determined and the appropriate air-conditioning model was selected (by the H.V.A/C. engineer).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Read Mr. Green's letter carefully and complete the information in the table below: Make, System, Option, Technical features (Heating capacity, Cooling capacity, Indoor unit Type/Air-diffusion system, Outdoor unit Condenser/Compressor), Operation monitored by (an) ___ which guarantees a-f, Characteristics/Advantages (Performance, Operation, Refrigerant and control lines, Functions controlled by means of, Indoor unit design), Price.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Make: BIRGIN. System: heat-pump, split-type system. Option: equipped with an inverter system. Heating capacity: 27,600 BTU/h. Cooling capacity: 26,600 BTU/h. Indoor unit — Type: ceiling-suspended, cassette type· Air-diffusion system: auto-swing, operating within a range of 0°-65°. Outdoor unit — Condenser: air-cooled· Compressor: scroll-type, specially constructed to minimise friction and reduce power consumption. Operation monitored by: an integrated microcomputer control, which guarantees: a) freeze-up protection b) detection of any thermistor abnormality c) filter clean reminder d) self diagnosis e) automatic cool/heat changeover f) dehumidifying (program dry operation). Performance: economical, reliable, high quality. Operation: extremely low noise level operation. Refrigerant and control lines: narrow. Functions controlled by means of: an easy-to-use wireless remote controller with LCD. Indoor unit design: slim, light, elegant. Price: 1,200,000 drs. (installation and VAT included).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Are the following sentences true or false? Correct the false ones. The recommended air conditioner: 1. is highly recognised for its excellent performance, its reliability and low power consumption. 2. is a heat-pump unitary system that will be fitted on the wall. 3. has a reciprocating compressor. 4. has a multi-flow air-diffusion system. 5. is elegant, quiet, slim and light. 6. can be controlled by a wireless remote controller. 7. if it is equipped with an inverter system, costs 20% more. 8. is equipped with a microprocessor which controls its operation. 9. is offered at a reduced price until the end of the week.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Λάθος: δεν αναφέρεται «low power consumption» για τη βασική μονάδα (μόνο με inverter). 2. Λάθος: είναι split-type, ceiling-suspended (όχι unitary/wall-mounted). 3. Λάθος: έχει scroll-type compressor. 4. Λάθος: δεν αναφέρεται multi-flow σύστημα. 5. Σωστό. 6. Σωστό. 7. Λάθος: κοστίζει 35% περισσότερο, όχι 20%. 8. Σωστό. 9. Λάθος: η προσφορά ισχύει μέχρι το τέλος του μήνα, όχι της εβδομάδας.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Write the equivalent of the terms below in your mother tongue: heat pump, inverter system, split-type system, air-diffusion, scroll-type compressor, reciprocating compressor, friction, thermistor, multi-flow system, auto-swing system, integrated microprocessor, freeze-up protection, automatic cool/heat changeover, dehumidifying (program dry operation), wireless remote controller, liquid crystal display, low noise level operation, low power consumption, operation costs, reliability.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) heat pump = αντλία θερμότητας. inverter system = σύστημα inverter (μετατροπέας συχνότητας). split-type system = διαιρούμενο σύστημα (split). air-diffusion = διάχυση αέρα. scroll-type compressor = συμπιεστής τύπου scroll (ελικοειδής). reciprocating compressor = παλινδρομικός συμπιεστής. friction = τριβή. thermistor = θερμίστορ. multi-flow system = σύστημα πολλαπλής ροής. auto-swing system = σύστημα αυτόματης ταλάντωσης πτερυγίων. integrated microprocessor = ενσωματωμένος μικροεπεξεργαστής. freeze-up protection = προστασία από παγοπηξία. automatic cool/heat changeover = αυτόματη εναλλαγή ψύξης/θέρμανσης. dehumidifying (program dry operation) = αφύγρανση (πρόγραμμα ξηρής λειτουργίας). wireless remote controller = ασύρματο τηλεχειριστήριο. liquid crystal display = οθόνη υγρών κρυστάλλων. low noise level operation = λειτουργία χαμηλού θορύβου. low power consumption = χαμηλή κατανάλωση ενέργειας. operation costs = κόστος λειτουργίας. reliability = αξιοπιστία.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Answer the questions. 1. Why has Mr Green suggested a ceiling-suspended air conditioner and not a wall-mounted or floor-standing one? 2. What are the advantages of the scroll-type compressor compared to the reciprocating one? 3. What is the usefulness of the integrated microprocessor? 4. What are the characteristics of the wireless remote controller? 5. Which are the main advantages of the recommended air-conditioning system?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Γιατί το σχέδιό του (λεπτό/ελαφρύ/κομψό) εξοικονομεί χώρο και παρέχει καλύτερη διάχυση αέρα σε σχέση με τους τύπους τοίχου/δαπέδου. 2. Είναι 10% ελαφρύτερος και 20% μικρότερος από τον παλινδρομικό, μειώνει την τριβή και την κατανάλωση ενέργειας. 3. Παρακολουθεί τις περισσότερες λειτουργίες βελτιώνοντας την αξιοπιστία και την άνεση (προστασία παγοπηξίας, αυτοδιάγνωση κ.λπ.). 4. Είναι εύχρηστο, ασύρματο, με οθόνη υγρών κρυστάλλων (LCD) που επιτρέπει τον έλεγχο όλων των λειτουργιών. 5. Οικονομική/αξιόπιστη λειτουργία υψηλής ποιότητας, χαμηλός θόρυβος, εξοικονόμηση χώρου, εύκολος έλεγχος μέσω τηλεχειριστηρίου, αυτοματοποιημένες λειτουργίες ασφαλείας/άνεσης μέσω μικροϋπολογιστή.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Match words with definitions. 1. to improve 2. to reciprocate 3. to fit 4. integrated 5. reliability 6. display 7. performance 8. reminder — a. included in something, e.g. a device, as a part of it; built-in b. the screen of a device on which information is shown c. to get, become, or make something better, more effective d. to put something into a place, to attach or fix it there e. a lamp or other sign on a device that makes the user remember to do something f. the ability of a machine, device, etc. to work successfully, effectively g. to move forwards and backwards as a piston does h. the ability of a machine, device, etc. to work well, without problems.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-c, 2-g, 3-d, 4-a, 5-h, 6-b, 7-f, 8-e.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Make pairs of synonyms by matching words from the two columns in each group. A. Verbs: consider, recommend, provide, guarantee, reduce, monitor, allow, operate, display, mount — permit, show, work, control/check, give, ensure, fit/place, decrease, examine, advise/suggest. B. Nouns, adjectives, adverbs: constructed, specialist, remote, line, distribution, power, abnormality, elegant, cost, ideal — pipe/tube, anomaly, price, perfect, beautiful, energy, made/designed, far/distant, diffusion, expert.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) A: consider-examine, recommend-advise/suggest, provide-give, guarantee-ensure, reduce-decrease, monitor-control/check, allow-permit, operate-work, display-show, mount-fit/place. B: constructed-made/designed, specialist-expert, remote-far/distant, line-pipe/tube, distribution-diffusion, power-energy, abnormality-anomaly, elegant-beautiful, cost-price, ideal-perfect.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Choose the appropriate preposition from the list (by, to, for, on, with, in) to fill in the gaps. 1. The operation of air conditioners is based the principles of refrigeration. 2. The output capacity of an air conditioner is expressed kW or BTU/h. 3. The user's commands are transmitted the air-conditioner pressing this button. 4. Most modern air conditioners are equipped an inverter. 5. CFCs add seriously the greenhouse effect. 6. The velocity of the air is measured a velometer. 7. She called Mr Silverson and asked advice. 8. He is a specialist ventilation systems. 9. The price depends the number of accessories you buy. 10. You must replace the filter ___ a new one.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. on. 2. in. 3. to ... by. 4. with. 5. to. 6. by. 7. for. 8. in. 9. on. 10. with.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Complete the crossword puzzle. Across: 1. The force that makes it difficult for things to move freely when they are touching each other. 2. The part of an instrument, a remote controller, etc. where readings of measurements or information concerning the operation of the device are presented. 3. The process of removing moisture from air. 4. The air-conditioning system which consists of two units, an indoor and an outdoor (only the first part of the term). 5. Characteristics. 6. A device that sends signals to an appliance, not connected to it by wires or cables (e.g. a remote controller). 7. The compressor type of the air-conditioner model Mr Green recommended to Mr Inwood (only the first part of the term). Down: 1. An electronic device that protects the compressor from overheating or freezing up. 2. An air-conditioning system which uses the same equipment for both the heating and cooling mode. 3. A compressor with parts that move backwards and forwards in a straight line (the first part of the term). 4. A type of air-distribution system with flap(s) that move up and down automatically. 5. The process of making something spread; distribution, e.g. of air.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Across: 1. friction, 2. display, 3. dehumidifying, 4. split, 5. specifications, 6. remote controller, 7. scroll. Down: 1. thermistor, 2. heat pump, 3. reciprocating, 4. auto-swing, 5. diffusion.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Next, Mr Inwood thought that it would be convenient to have a chart presenting the function of the various buttons on the remote controller, so he made the following table. Tick it appropriately. Buttons: ON/OFF, AUTO-SWING, ROOM TEMPERATURE, FAN SPEED, TIMER MODE, TIME, CONTROL MODE, FILTER RESET, TRANSMISSION. Functions: It selects the fan speed. It activates or deactivates the timer mode. It sets the time in the timer. It sets the room temperature. It selects mode of operation (HEAT-COOL-DRY-AUTO-FAN). It resets the countdown to remind us the filter needs cleaning. It operates the swing flap. It transmits signal to the unit whenever the setting of any function is changed. It turns the unit ON or OFF.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) It selects the fan speed → FAN SPEED. It activates/deactivates the timer mode → TIMER MODE. It sets the time in the timer → TIME. It sets the room temperature → ROOM TEMPERATURE. It selects mode of operation → CONTROL MODE. It resets the filter clean countdown → FILTER RESET. It operates the swing flap → AUTO-SWING. It transmits signal to the unit → TRANSMISSION. It turns the unit ON or OFF → ON/OFF.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: On the other side of the page presenting the buttons and indications of the wireless remote controller, there was a list with explanations concerning the various indications on the LCD. Mr Inwood wrote next to each explanation the indication it refers to. Explanations: 1. The set temperature is indicated by this mark. 2. When this mark is indicated, the battery is near full discharge and should be replaced. 3. When this mark is indicated on the display, the flap is moving. 4. This mark starts blinking when the TRANSMISSION BUTTON is pressed to indicate that signal is sent to the unit. 5. This mark is indicated on various selected modes; it displays: a) the operating mode of the unit b) the set air-flow rate c) the content of the timer mode. 6. If the above mark is indicated next to the FILTER RESET, it indicates that the filter needs cleaning.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Ένδειξη θερμοκρασίας (temperature setting indication). 2. Ένδειξη χαμηλής μπαταρίας (low-battery indication). 3. Ένδειξη κίνησης πτερυγίου (swing/flap indication). 4. Ένδειξη μετάδοσης σήματος (transmission/signal indication). 5. Ένδειξη τρόπου λειτουργίας/ροής αέρα/χρονοδιακόπτη (mode indication). 6. Ένδειξη καθαρισμού φίλτρου (filter-clean indication).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Use the table in TASK 2 to make sentences as in the examples: «We (can) lower the temperature in a space by removing heat from the air in it. / The temperature in a space is/can be lowered by removing heat from the air in it.»
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) We can select the fan speed by pressing the FAN SPEED button. The fan speed can be selected by pressing the FAN SPEED button. We can set the room temperature by pressing the ROOM TEMPERATURE button. The room temperature can be set by pressing the ROOM TEMPERATURE button. We can operate the swing flap by pressing the AUTO-SWING button.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Use the information in the sentences below to ask questions beginning with the words in parentheses. 1. Mr Assimakopoulos spent $500 to have a wall-mounted air conditioner installed in his office. (Who/Why/How much) 2. A compression refrigeration system comprises a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator. (What/Which refrigeration system) 3. David studied Mechanical Engineering at Newcastle University. (Who/What/Where/Which university) 4. A central heating installation costs more than 6,000,000 drh. (What/How much) 5. Mr Graham's son was killed in an accident two months ago. (Who/Whose son/When) 6. It took him three hours to repair the malfunction of the warm-air heater. (What/How long) 7. The microprocessor controls most functions of the system. (What/Which functions) 8. The relationship between the air properties is presented on the psychrometric chart. (What/Where) 9. The air conditioner they bought is equipped with an inverter. (What S/O-) 10. Ceiling-suspended air conditioners save space. (Which type/What) 11. The plenum is fitted on top of the warm air heater. (What/Where) 12. A welder must wear a face shield to protect his eyes from sparks. (Who/What/Why) 13. Perspiration evaporates more slowly when the air contains a lot of moisture. (When) 14. Fiona has just seen Tom in the supervisor's office. (Who -S/O-/Where)
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Who spent $500...? / Why did Mr Assimakopoulos spend $500...? / How much did Mr Assimakopoulos spend...? 2. What does a compression refrigeration system comprise? / Which refrigeration system comprises a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator? 3. Who studied Mechanical Engineering at Newcastle University? / What did David study...? / Where did David study Mechanical Engineering? / Which university did David study Mechanical Engineering at? 4. What costs more than 6,000,000 drh? / How much does a central heating installation cost? 5. Who was killed in an accident two months ago? / Whose son was killed...? / When was Mr Graham's son killed in an accident? 6. What took him three hours to repair? / How long did it take him to repair the malfunction? 7. What controls most functions of the system? / Which functions does the microprocessor control? 8. What is presented on the psychrometric chart? / Where is the relationship between the air properties presented? 9. What is the air conditioner they bought equipped with? 10. Which type of air conditioners save space? / What do ceiling-suspended air conditioners do? 11. What is fitted on top of the warm air heater? / Where is the plenum fitted? 12. Who must wear a face shield...? / What must a welder wear...? / Why must a welder wear a face shield? 13. When does perspiration evaporate more slowly? 14. Who has Fiona just seen in the supervisor's office? / Where has Fiona just seen Tom?
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Read the installation instructions carefully and arrange them as follows: a) installation of the indoor unit b) installation of the outdoor unit c) preparation and connection of the refrigerant tubing d) preparation and connection of the electrical wiring e) preparation and connection of the drain hose f) hole in the wall for the tubes and wires that connect the units g) final preparation and testing of the system, e.g. 15 (test for leakage).
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a) installation of the indoor unit: 2, 3, 7, 13. b) installation of the outdoor unit: 1, 14, 16. c) preparation/connection of refrigerant tubing: 8, 9, 15. d) preparation/connection of electrical wiring: 10, 11. e) preparation/connection of drain hose: 12. f) hole in the wall: 4, 5, 6. g) final preparation and testing: 15, 17, 18, 19, 20.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Match the words (verbs, nouns) with their definitions. A. Verbs: to seal, to wrap, to insert, to bolt, to ground, to drip. B. Nouns: putty, draught, slant, condensation, rear, bundle, drain hose. Definitions: a) to fold paper, cloth, etc. tightly around something to cover it completely b) to fall in individual small drops c) to fix something on a surface firmly with bolts and nuts d) to cover an opening with something to prevent air/liquid from getting in or out e) to put an object inside something f) to connect an electrical appliance to a wire through which electricity can pass into the ground if something goes wrong with it — a) not horizontal; sloping b) the back part of something c) plastic pipe used to remove water from a space or container d) a stiff white paste used to fix glass panes in place, to seal off holes on the wall, etc. e) a number of things tied or wrapped together f) small drops of water formed when warm water vapour touches a cold surface g) a current of air that comes into a space in an unpleasant way.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Verbs: seal-d, wrap-a, insert-e, bolt-c, ground-f, drip-b. Nouns: putty-d, draught-g, slant-a, condensation-f, rear-b, bundle-e, drain hose-c.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Look through the instructions to find words similar in meaning to the ones below (ο αριθμός σε παρένθεση δείχνει σε ποιο βήμα βρίσκεται η λέξη). to fix (1, 3, 7, 19), place (1, 2), stable/strong (1), external (1), firmly/safely/tightly (1, 11, 13), suitable/correct (2, 8, 16), internal (2), board (2, 13), level (3), to decide (4), pipe(s) (4, 8, 9...), required (8, 9, 16), right (14), to examine/test (14, 17), to earth (11, 14), to remove/empty (15), connections (15), to fold (18), about/around (19), current (20).
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) to fix = bolt/mount/clamp. place = location/position. stable/strong = solid. external = outdoor. firmly/safely/tightly = securely. suitable/correct = proper/appropriate. internal = indoor. board = panel. level = horizontal. to decide = determine. pipe(s) = tubes. required = needed/necessary/appropriate (amount). right = correct. to examine/test = check. to earth = ground. to remove/empty = purge. connections = joints. to fold = wrap. about/around = approximately. current = draught.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Use the installation instructions to make sentences as in the examples: «Before installing the outdoor unit, (you should) choose the right position for it. / The outdoor unit should be installed (only) after the right position for it is/has been selected.» «After selecting the appropriate position for the indoor unit, (you should) remove the rear panel. / The appropriate position for the indoor unit should be selected before the rear panel is removed.»
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Π.χ.: Before mounting the indoor unit on the rear panel, (you should) determine which side of the unit to make the hole on. / The indoor unit should be mounted on the rear panel (only) after the hole for the tubes and wires has been determined. After measuring the distance between the two units, (you should) cut the refrigerant tubes at the appropriate length. / The refrigerant tubes should be cut at the appropriate length after the distance between the two units has been measured.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Identify the wrong information in the following sentences and correct it. 1. The hole on the wall must be cut at a slight upward slant and an iron pipe should be inserted in it to protect the tubes and wires. 2. To prevent damage from dripping of condensation, we should insulate the part of the hose that runs outside the room. 3. After connecting the refrigerant pipes to both units, we insulate them and fix them with saddles on the wall. 4. After completing the connection of the two units, we test run the air-conditioning system and purge the air from the refrigerant tubing. 5. The wrapping of the bundle of tubes and wires with armouring tape should start from the hole in the wall and stop at the bottom of the outdoor unit. 6. The last step in the procedure is to perform a test for leakage. 7. Before operating the unit, we must charge it with refrigerant.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Λάθος: η οπή γίνεται με ελαφριά ΚΑΤΩΦΕΡΗ (downward, όχι upward) κλίση, και εισάγεται πλαστικός σωλήνας PVC (όχι σιδερένιος). 2. Λάθος: μονώνουμε το τμήμα του σωλήνα που τρέχει ΜΕΣΑ στο δωμάτιο (όχι έξω). 3. Σωστό (βήμα 15: purge/leak test/insulate, βήμα 19: fix με saddles). 4. Λάθος: πρώτα καθαρίζουμε (purge) τον αέρα από τη σωλήνωση, ΜΕΤΑ κάνουμε test run (η σειρά είναι αντίστροφη). 5. Λάθος: το τύλιγμα ξεκινά ΑΠΟ την εξωτερική μονάδα και καταλήγει στην οπή του τοίχου (όχι αντίστροφα). 6. Σωστό (βήμα 17, τελικός έλεγχος διαρροών). 7. Σωστό (η φόρτιση με ψυκτικό γίνεται στο βήμα 16, πριν τη λειτουργία).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Read the groups of instructions below and say which step of the installation procedure they are related to. A. (κοπή άκρων καλωδίων, λύγισμα σε βρόχο ή σύνδεση με δακτύλιο, σύνδεση στους ακροδέκτες της εσωτερικής μονάδας). B. (τρύπημα τοίχου, τοποθέτηση ούπα, στερέωση πάνελ). C. (κοπή σωλήνων 30-50cm μακρύτερα, αφαίρεση γρεζιών, τοποθέτηση παξιμαδιών, φλάντζωμα άκρων). D. (τύλιγμα δεματιού με μονωτική ταινία, κάλυψη του μισού κάθε προηγούμενης στροφής). E. (κλείσιμο βαλβίδων, αφαίρεση καπακιών, σύνδεση αντλίας κενού/οργάνων μέτρησης, άνοιγμα βαλβίδων χαμηλής/υψηλής πίεσης, επανασύνδεση καπακιών).
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) A → Βήματα 10-11 (προετοιμασία άκρων καλωδίων και σύνδεσή τους στους ακροδέκτες της εσωτερικής μονάδας). B → Βήμα 3 (στερέωση του πίσω πάνελ στον τοίχο). C → Βήματα 8-9 (μέτρηση/κοπή σωλήνων ψυκτικού, προετοιμασία άκρων για σύνδεση). D → Βήμα 18 (τύλιγμα του δεματιού με μονωτική ταινία). E → Βήματα 15-16 (καθαρισμός/έλεγχος διαρροών σωλήνων, άνοιγμα βαλβίδων για ροή ψυκτικού).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Write the Greek equivalent of the following terms: drain hose, extension, slant, loop, terminal, ring connector, wiring diagram, terminal plate, rawl plug, burr, reamer, flare, vacuum pump, gauge test set.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) drain hose = σωλήνας αποστράγγισης. extension = προέκταση. slant = κλίση. loop = βρόχος. terminal = ακροδέκτης. ring connector = δακτυλιοειδής ακροδέκτης. wiring diagram = διάγραμμα καλωδίωσης. terminal plate = πλακέτα ακροδεκτών. rawl plug = ούπα. burr = γρέζι. reamer = εργαλείο λείανσης/ξεγρεζιάσματος. flare = εκχείλωση (σωλήνα). vacuum pump = αντλία κενού. gauge test set = σετ οργάνων μέτρησης πίεσης (μανόμετρα).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Use the patterns below to describe the use/usefulness of the tools, equipment and materials needed in the installation procedure. Patterns: We use/need the (tool/material) to + infinitive. To + infinitive, we use/need the (tool/material). The (tool/material) is used/needed/required to + infinitive. The + gerund (activity) is done with a/the (tool/material). Example: «We use/need the screwdrivers to screw/fasten the screws (in order) to mount the indoor unit on the wall and make the wiring connections.»
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Π.χ.: We use/need the PVC pipe to protect the tubes and wires that pass through the wall. The vacuum pump is used/required to evacuate the refrigeration unit before charging it with refrigerant. We use/need putty to seal off the hole in the wall and prevent rain and draught from entering. The wrapping of the bundle of tubes and wires is done with armouring tape.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Look through the instructions for safe and proper installation to identify the words defined below (ο αριθμός αντιστοιχεί στην οδηγία). (3) to work improperly. (4) unlimited; free; not blocked by obstacles. (5a) a piece of electrical equipment with revolving blades that carries air and unpleasant smells out of a place. (5b) slightly wet. (6) a substance that is applied on metal surfaces to make them move smoothly. (7) to wrap something flexible around an object several times. (8) to take measures so that something unpleasant doesn't happen. (9) to destroy a metal by chemicals or rust. (11) very small pieces of something no longer useful. (12) to change the colour; to make coloured patches or dirty marks on a surface.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) (3) misoperate. (4) unrestricted. (5a) exhaust fan. (5b) damp. (6) lubricant. (7) to wind. (8) to prevent. (9) to corrode. (11) scraps. (12) to stain.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with the words defined in the previous exercise. 1. The burnt gases from combustion in a car's engine are expelled from it through the pipe. 2. If you work in a place, or there is water on the floor, make sure the electrical tools you use are grounded. 3. Metal produced by machine tools, should be gathered and recycled. 4. To ensure that friction is reduced and the machine operates smoothly, apply to its moving parts every forty hours of operation. 5. When all tests have been completed, the armouring tape round the bundle of tubing and wiring and fix it with saddles on the wall. 6. He inverted the glass, and the red wine the tablecloth and his white shirt. 7. I don't know what's wrong, but the hot-air heater . I think we should call the service technician. 8. The flow of air in and out of the unit guarantees higher efficiency of the system. So, take care that the filters are always clean. 9. The ideal refrigerant shouldn't the metal parts of the system. 10. Fortunately he shut the unit down just in time to a damage to the compressor.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. exhaust. 2. damp. 3. scraps. 4. lubricant. 5. wind. 6. stained. 7. misoperates. 8. unrestricted. 9. corrode. 10. prevent.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with the appropriate verb to express obligation/necessity or to give advice. Justify your choice. e.g. When reaming, you should/had better hold the tube end downward. 1. «You cut the hole on the wall for the tubing and wiring connections before you mount the indoor unit on the rear panel» insisted our teacher. 2. A PVC pipe be inserted in the hole to protect the wires and tubes. 3. To fix the bundle securely on the wall, you use a clamp every 100-120 cm. 4. Before operating the air conditioner, you check that both units are horizontal and securely fixed in place. 5. «You wind the armouring tape around the bundle of tubes and wires starting from the bottom of the outdoor unit» advised Mr Smith. 6. «If the tubes length is over 4 m, you add refrigerant to the system» is written in the manual. 7. Since loose wiring may cause the unit to misoperate, technicians tighten the terminal screws securely. 8. You cut the copper tubes 30-50 cm longer than the length you estimate it is required. 9. «To avoid the risk of electric shock, both units be grounded» said the notice by the terminal plate. 10. To prevent damage on floors and furniture, you insulate the part of the drain hose that runs in the room. 11. Before releasing the refrigerant in the system, you purge the air from the connecting tubes. 12. To make a smooth joint and reduce gas leaks, you apply refrigerant lubricant to the matching surfaces before connecting the tubing. 13. Before determining the position for the hole, you make sure that no electrical wiring or water pipes are located there. 14. Before operating the air conditioner, you check that the service valves are closed and their caps fastened tightly. 15. You ___ install the unit at a location which allows unrestricted air flow around it.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. must (insisted = ισχυρή απαίτηση). 2. must be inserted (γενικός κανόνας). 3. must/should use. 4. must check. 5. should/had better wind (advised). 6. must add (γραπτός κανόνας εγχειριδίου). 7. must tighten. 8. must cut. 9. must be grounded (γραπτή προειδοποίηση ασφαλείας). 10. must insulate. 11. must purge. 12. must apply. 13. must make sure. 14. must check. 15. must install.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: When your teacher explained the procedure for the installation of a split-type air-conditioning system, one of your classmates was absent. Taking your information from the installation procedure (pp. 333-334), the activities described on pp. 337-338, or the tips and notices on pp. 341-343, inform your partner about the teacher's instructions. Examples: «He advised us to install the indoor unit to a place where tubing and drain hose have the shortest run to the outside.» «He said that we should insulate the part of the drain hose that runs in the room, to prevent damage to floors and furniture.» «He warned us that we run the risk to be electrocuted if we apply power to the system before all tubing and wiring connections have been completed.»
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. He told us to bolt the outdoor unit securely on a solid base. 2. He reminded/warned us to ground both units, to avoid the risk of electric shock. 3. He advised us not to wind the armouring tape too tightly, since this decreases the heat insulation effect.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης: