Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 15 φιλτραρισμένων κλειστών ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 34-59): χαρακτηρισμοί/στάδια της σχεδίασης, γεωμετρικό λεξιλόγιο (σχήματα, ουσιαστικό-επίθετο), Πυθαγόρειο θεώρημα, εργαλεία σχεδίασης, ερωτήσεις κατανόησης και λεξιλόγιο για το CAD.
Ερώτηση: Read the text and find out how drafting is characterised. Write the characterisations in the spaces provided and comment on them.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Drafting is characterised as: 1. a process of thinking, planning and setting thoughts down on paper in graphic form, 2. a means of communication, 3. a language not spoken, 4. a «graphic language», a system of lines, symbols, sizes and shapes, 5. an international language, 6. «the language of industry».
Ερώτηση: Match terms with definitions: 1. Freehand sketching 2. Designing 3. Drafting 4. Drawing — a) Conceiving the original idea of a product and setting it down on a piece of paper in the form of sketches presenting its shape, size and specifications. b) A graphic representation of the creator's ideas on a paper. c) The technique of making a drawing without the use of instruments. d) The process of making detailed representations of the creator's ideas for a product with a pencil, pen and special instruments on a paper, or using a CAD program on the computer.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-c (Freehand sketching), 2-a (Designing), 3-d (Drafting), 4-b (Drawing).
Ερώτηση: Complete the missing words. (Table with columns Verb – Action – Person – Product. Row 1: … / … / … / design. Row 2: draw / { … , drawing } / { draftsman, drafter } / … )
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Row 1: design – designing – designer – design. Row 2: draw – drafting / drawing – draftsman / drafter – drawing.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Complete the table with the English or Greek equivalent term accordingly: πεντάγωνο, πολύγωνο, παραλληλόγραμμο, τριγωνικό πρίσμα, ρομβοειδές, τραπεζοειδές, quadrilateral, equilateral triangle, scalene triangle, ισοσκελές τρίγωνο, right-angled triangle, οξυγώνιο τρίγωνο, αμβλυγώνιο τρίγωνο, hypotenuse, διαγώνιος, διάμετρος, κέντρο (κύκλου), κορυφή (τριγώνου).
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) πεντάγωνο = pentagon· πολύγωνο = polygon· παραλληλόγραμμο = parallelogram· τριγωνικό πρίσμα = triangular prism· ρομβοειδές = rhomboid· τραπεζοειδές = trapezoid· quadrilateral = τετράπλευρο· equilateral triangle = ισόπλευρο τρίγωνο· scalene triangle = σκαληνό τρίγωνο· ισοσκελές τρίγωνο = isosceles triangle· right-angled triangle = ορθογώνιο τρίγωνο· οξυγώνιο τρίγωνο = acute-angled triangle· αμβλυγώνιο τρίγωνο = obtuse-angled triangle· hypotenuse = υποτείνουσα· διαγώνιος = diagonal· διάμετρος = diameter· κέντρο (κύκλου) = centre· κορυφή (τριγώνου) = vertex.
Ερώτηση: Are you good at geometry? Identify the shapes defined in the sentences below. Choose from the list: rectangle, parallelograms, trapezoid, quadrilaterals, circumference, square, isosceles triangle, rhombus, right-angled triangle, circle, scalene triangle, chord, trapezium, equilateral triangle, radius. 1. A triangle with two equal sides and two equal angles. 2. They are polygons whose opposite sides are parallel and equal in length. 3. Its length can be found by multiplying the diameter by 3.1416. 4. A triangle which has three equal sides and three equal angles. 5. It has four equal (90°) angles and four sides of two different lengths. Its opposite sides are parallel and equal. 6. It has four equal sides all the same length and no 90° angles. Its opposite sides are parallel. 7. It is the distance from the centre of a circle to any point of its circumference. 8. A triangle that has no equal sides or angles. 9. It has four equal sides that form four right angles. 10. They are polygons that have four straight sides. 11. A quadrilateral shape which has only two parallel sides. 12. It is a closed curve all points of which are at an equal distance from a centre point. 13. It is a quadrilateral which has no parallel sides. 14. A straight line that crosses the circle in two points. 15. One of its three angles is 90°.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. isosceles triangle· 2. parallelograms· 3. circumference· 4. equilateral triangle· 5. rectangle· 6. rhombus· 7. radius· 8. scalene triangle· 9. square· 10. quadrilaterals· 11. trapezium· 12. circle· 13. trapezoid· 14. chord· 15. right-angled triangle.
Ερώτηση: Complete the table below with the missing words (Noun – Adjective): … – square; circle – …; … – cubic; … – spherical; rectangle – …; hemisphere – …; … – triangular; … – prismatic; ellipse – …; … – conical; hexagon – …; cylinder – …; heptagon – …; pyramid – …; … – rhomboid; trapezium – ….
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) square/square (shape)· circle/circular· cube/cubic· sphere/spherical· rectangle/rectangular· hemisphere/hemispherical· triangle/triangular· prism/prismatic· ellipse/elliptical· cone/conical· hexagon/hexagonal· cylinder/cylindrical· heptagon/heptagonal· pyramid/pyramidal· rhombus/rhomboid· trapezium/trapezoidal.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Can you identify the following theorem? "The hypotenuse equals the square root of the sum of the squares of the other two sides." Now say it in Greek.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) It is the Pythagorean theorem. Στα ελληνικά: «Σε κάθε ορθογώνιο τρίγωνο η υποτείνουσα ισούται με την τετραγωνική ρίζα του αθροίσματος των τετραγώνων των δύο άλλων πλευρών».
Ερώτηση: Read the paragraph and answer the question: Which factors determine the quality of a drawing?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) The quality of a drawing depends on: the drafting instruments (the selection of the proper tool for the particular job and the quality of the instruments used) and the skilfulness of the drafter.
Ερώτηση: Below you can see some of the mostly used drawing tools. Match them with their use. More than one tools may have the same use. Rule(r)s (with scales) / Scales. Templates. Triangles / Set squares. Parallel rulers. Dividers. Irregular curves. Protractors. Drawing pens. Compasses. Drafting heads. a) ... are used to draw horizontal, parallel and perpendicular lines. b) ... are commonly used with the T-square and the parallel rule to draw angles of various degrees. c) ... are used to draw straight lines of specific length. They permit the enlargement or reduction of a drawing. d) ... are used to guide the pencil when drawing the various shapes and sizes they include. e) ... are used to speed up drafting time since the T-square, the triangles, the drafting scale and the protractor are assembled into one instrument. f) ... are used to draw circles or arcs. g) ... are used to draw lines with permanent ink. h) ... are used to draw non-circular curves. i) ... are used to measure degrees of angles. j) ... are used to transfer distances from one part of a drawing to another, or to divide distances in equal parts.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-c (Rulers/Scales: draw straight lines of specific length, enlarge/reduce), 2-d (Templates: guide the pencil for shapes/sizes), 3-b (Triangles/Set squares: draw angles of various degrees), 4-a (Parallel rulers: horizontal/parallel/perpendicular lines), 5-j (Dividers: transfer/divide distances), 6-h (Irregular curves: non-circular curves), 7-i (Protractors: measure degrees of angles), 8-g (Drawing pens: permanent ink lines), 9-f (Compasses: circles/arcs), 10-e (Drafting heads: combine T-square/triangles/scale/protractor to speed up drafting).
Ερώτηση: Answer the questions: 1. What is CAD? 2. What does a CAD system comprise? 3. Is it possible to get an idea of the drawing and make corrections before printing it? How? 4. Is it difficult to modify an old drawing for future use? 5. Are old drawings made by CAD and their data stored in graphical form on paper? 6. What are the advantages of using CAD? 7. "CAD saves time, money and space." How is this achieved? 8. Why should all engineers and drafters learn to use CAD?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. CAD (Computer-Aided Design) is the use of computers (mathematical analysis and graphics produced by a computer) to solve designing and drafting problems. 2. Computers, software (programs) and graphics devices such as plotters. 3. Yes. The products are viewed on a monitor and can be revised before the final copy of the drawing is produced. 4. No. The drawing and its data are stored, so they can be recalled and modified easily. 5. No. They are stored in digital form. 6. Complex problems are solved more rapidly and accurately, drawings can be stored, recalled and modified, they are of better quality and often cost less. 7. Time: drawings are produced and revised rapidly. Money: drawings often cost less than conventional ones. Space: drawings are stored in digital form instead of traditional files. 8. Because CAD saves time, money and space, and they must be able to use it to meet the future requirements of their job.
Ερώτηση: The diagram below shows the procedure followed when producing a drawing by using CAD. The information in the boxes around the diagram describes the function of the various devices involved in this procedure. Draw arrows to show which device each piece of information is related to. Drawings+texts are viewed and processed. Produces copies of drawings in ink. Data are processed, stored, recalled and modified. Provide data and instructions to the CPU. Used to print texts, or other information. Produces copies of texts taking instructions from the CPU. Records drawings or texts and inserts them to the CPU in digital form. Inserts data, gives instructions for processing, storing, recalling, modifying, printing drawings.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Monitor: Drawings+texts are viewed and processed. CPU (hardware + software): Data are processed, stored, recalled and modified. Plotter: Produces copies of drawings in ink. Printer: Used to print texts, or other information / Produces copies of texts taking instructions from the CPU. Scanner: Records drawings or texts and inserts them to the CPU in digital form. Keyboard and mouse: Insert data, give instructions for processing, storing, recalling, modifying, printing drawings. Engineer / Designer / Inventor / Drafter: Provide data and instructions to the CPU.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
Ερώτηση: Match words with definitions. GROUP A: 1. hardware 2. software 3. file 4. data 5. revision 6. conventional 7. essential 8. requirement. a. a box or a folder in which documents are kept. b. a method or equipment that has been in use for a long time. c. in computers, it refers to the machine, that is, the electric circuit and the electronic equipment in them. d. the process of changing something to improve, update or adapt it for a particular purpose. e. a quality or qualification you must have in order to be allowed to do something or to be suitable for something. f. extremely important or absolutely necessary. g. computer programs. h. information in the form of facts, statistics, etc. that you can analyse.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-c (hardware), 2-g (software), 3-a (file), 4-h (data), 5-d (revision), 6-b (conventional), 7-f (essential), 8-e (requirement).
Ερώτηση: Match words with definitions. GROUP B: 1. to exploit 2. to recall 3. to modify 4. to replace 5. to store 6. to comprise 7. to view 8. to print. a. to stop using a thing and put something else in its place. b. to have a number of things as parts or members. c. to put something in a container or other place and leave it there until it is needed. d. to give commands to a computer to bring a drawing or document back to see or revise it. e. to look at something or inspect it for a particular purpose. f. to use something well in order to achieve something or gain an advantage from it. g. to change something slightly so as to improve it. h. to produce a copy of a drawing or document by means of a plotter or printer.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-f (to exploit), 2-d (to recall), 3-g (to modify), 4-a (to replace), 5-c (to store), 6-b (to comprise), 7-e (to view), 8-h (to print).
Ερώτηση: When using computers, some of the verbs in GROUP B above become part of your everyday vocabulary. Choose the appropriate word to fill in the gaps in the following sentences. When you finish a drawing or document, you usually want to inspect it to see how it looks, that is to (1) it on the screen. If necessary, you make some changes to improve it, that is you (2) it, and then you command the computer to (3) it, so as to take a copy of it. In case you will need this drawing or document for future use, you command the computer to «save» it, that is to (4) it in its memory. If you want to make some changes to an old drawing or document, you command the computer to «retrieve» it, that is, to (5) it, so that you can (6) it. When the revision is over, you command the computer to (7) the old document or drawing with the new one.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) (1) view, (2) modify, (3) print, (4) store, (5) recall, (6) modify, (7) replace.
Ερώτηση: Make groups of similar in meaning words: common, change, basic, correct, demand, usual, correction, important, habitual, need, exact, review, necessary, ordinary, qualification, precise, traditional. Group them under: accurate, essential, conventional, revision, requirement.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) accurate: correct, exact, precise. essential: basic, important, necessary. conventional: common, usual, habitual, ordinary, traditional. revision: change, correction, review. requirement: demand, need, qualification.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης: