Λύσεις — Unit 1: Mechanical Engineering Technicians – VOCATIONAL LANGUAGE LEARNING COURSEBOOK FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS Β ΕΠΑΛ

Λύσεις — Unit 1: Mechanical Engineering Technicians

Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 11 φιλτραρισμένων κλειστών ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 18-29): σχετικά πεδία μηχανολογίας, θεματικές ενότητες κειμένου, λεξιλόγιο (ουσιαστικά/ρήματα/όροι μεταφορών), λίστες μηχανών/συστημάτων, συμπλήρωση προτάσεων, επαγγέλματα του κλάδου, ελληνικά αντίστοιχα τεχνικών όρων.

Πεδία σχετικά με τη Μηχανολογία (TASK 2)

Ερώτηση: Mechanical Engineering is also related to some of the following fields. Which ones? Tick. education, accounting, transport, space exploration, building construction, ventilation, entertainment, telecommunications, industry, fire protection, aviation, health services, air pollution, computer studies, central heating, electric power generation, photography, food preservation, shipbuilding industry.

Απάντηση:

• Από το κύριο κείμενο της ενότητας (σελ. 20-21) προκύπτουν ρητά ως σχετικά πεδία: industry («in every kind of industry»), transport («Transport also requires their services»), space exploration («in space exploration»), telecommunications («public services and utilities, e.g. telecommunications»), electric power generation («electric power plants», «electric power supply»), aviation («aircraft engineer», αεροπλάνα), central heating και ventilation («heating, refrigeration, ventilating and air-conditioning systems»), food preservation («serve industrial purposes, e.g. in food preservation»), building construction (εγκατάσταση συστημάτων σε κτίρια/buildings), και shipbuilding industry (δίνεται ως παράδειγμα απάντησης στο ίδιο το βιβλίο).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Σχετικά πεδία: industry, transport, space exploration, telecommunications, electric power generation, aviation, central heating, ventilation, food preservation, building construction, shipbuilding industry. ΔΕΝ αναφέρονται στο κείμενο ως σχετικά: education, accounting, entertainment, fire protection, health services, air pollution, computer studies, photography.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Η άσκηση δεν δίνει έτοιμη λίστα απαντήσεων στο τυπωμένο κείμενο — η λύση βασίζεται στη ρητή αναφορά κάθε πεδίου στο κυρίως κείμενο των σελ. 20-21.

Οι τρεις θεματικές ενότητες του κειμένου (Exercise 1)

Ερώτηση: The above text is divided into three thematic areas. Choose the appropriate heading for each one from the list below and write it in the space provided. 1. Career opportunities and specialities 2. Areas for employment – Services 3. Tasks and requirements

Απάντηση:

• Η πρώτη παράγραφος (σελ. 20) περιγράφει πού απασχολούνται οι τεχνικοί (βιομηχανία, μεταφορές, θέρμανση/ψύξη/κλιματισμός) → «Areas for employment – Services».
• Η δεύτερη παράγραφος (σελ. 21) περιγράφει τι πρέπει να μπορούν να κάνουν και τι γνώσεις χρειάζονται («must be well trained and highly skilled... adjust and repair... operate machine tools... knowledge of Mathematics...») → «Tasks and requirements».
• Η τρίτη παράγραφος (σελ. 21) απαριθμεί συγκεκριμένα επαγγέλματα («bench- and sheet-metal worker, tool hardener, machinist...») → «Career opportunities and specialities».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Παράγραφος 1 = Areas for employment – Services· Παράγραφος 2 = Tasks and requirements· Παράγραφος 3 = Career opportunities and specialities.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Ταύτιση όρων-ορισμών, Group A: engine/machine/tool (Exercise 2A)

Ερώτηση: Match the words with the appropriate definition. GROUP A: 1. engine 2. machine 3. tool 4. machine tool 5. equipment — a) a piece of equipment which uses electricity or an engine to do a particular kind of work b) the things needed or used for a particular purpose c) a machine driven by power that cuts, shapes or finishes metal d) a machine that produces power or motion e) an object, usually made of metal, used by technicians, workers, etc. to do a particular work

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 22): «1. engine ... d) a machine that produces power or motion», «2. machine ... a) a piece of equipment which uses electricity or an engine to do a particular kind of work», «3. tool ... e) an object, usually made of metal, used by technicians, workers, etc. to do a particular work», «4. machine tool ... c) a machine driven by power that cuts, shapes or finishes metal», «5. equipment ... b) the things needed or used for a particular purpose».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-d (engine), 2-a (machine), 3-e (tool), 4-c (machine tool), 5-b (equipment).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Ταύτιση όρων-ορισμών, Group B: ρήματα (Exercise 2B)

Ερώτηση: Match the words with the appropriate definition. GROUP B: 1. to design 2. to develop 3. to construct 4. to adjust 5. to maintain 6. to repair 7. to operate 8. to install — a) to make, create, build something b) to make something work c) to design and produce an object, system, etc. d) to keep something in good condition by regularly checking and repairing it e) to plan and make a drawing of an object, machine, etc. from which it can be made f) to regulate something, e.g. an engine, so that it becomes more effective g) to put something at its appropriate place and make it ready to operate h) to make something that isn't working properly, work properly again

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 22): οι ορισμοί a-h αντιστοιχούν στα ρήματα 1-8 της στήλης, βάσει της σημασίας κάθε ρήματος: to design=e, to develop=c, to construct=a, to adjust=f, to maintain=d, to repair=h, to operate=b, to install=g.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-e (to design), 2-c (to develop), 3-a (to construct), 4-f (to adjust), 5-d (to maintain), 6-h (to repair), 7-b (to operate), 8-g (to install).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Ταύτιση όρων-ορισμών, Group C: μεταφορές (Exercise 2C)

Ερώτηση: Match the words with the appropriate definition. GROUP C: 1. welding equipment 2. passenger train 3. transport(ation) 4. freight train 5. measuring instrument — a) the activity and system of carrying people and things from one place to another b) a train on which goods are transported c) equipment used to join metals with the use of heat d) tools and devices used for measuring e) a train designed to carry people who are travelling

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 22): «1. welding equipment ... c) equipment used to join metals with the use of heat», «2. passenger train ... e) a train designed to carry people who are travelling», «3. transport(ation) ... a) the activity and system of carrying people and things from one place to another», «4. freight train ... b) a train on which goods are transported», «5. measuring instrument ... d) tools and devices used for measuring».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-c (welding equipment), 2-e (passenger train), 3-a (transport(ation)), 4-b (freight train), 5-d (measuring instrument).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Ταυτοποίηση όρων από ορισμούς (Exercise 4)

Ερώτηση: Identify the words defined below. 1. factory which produces electric energy 2. a moving staircase on which people move up and down 3. device that takes people up and down in another floor inside buildings 4. system that lowers the temperature in a space to preserve foods 5. system allowing fresh air to get into a room or building

Απάντηση:

• Οι ορισμοί αντιστοιχούν άμεσα σε όρους που έχουν ήδη εισαχθεί στο κύριο κείμενο της ενότητας (σελ. 16-21): power plant/electric power plant, escalator, lift, refrigeration system, ventilating system/ventilator.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. power plant (electric power plant), 2. escalator, 3. lift, 4. refrigeration system, 5. ventilating system (ventilator).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Λίστες μηχανών και συστημάτων (Exercise 5)

Ερώτηση: Make lists of the: A. Engines used in power plants. B. Systems and equipment controlling the inside temperature and the movement of air.

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 16): «...the engines (steam, hydraulic or gas turbines, diesel engines...) that run generators in electric power plants».
• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 20): «...proper heating and air-conditioning systems... Such systems will maintain the desired inside temperature...» και «ventilating and refrigerating systems used in restaurants, hotels, markets, etc.».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) A. Steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, diesel engines. B. Heating systems, refrigeration systems, air-conditioning systems, ventilating systems.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Μετάφραση όρων οχημάτων/πλοίων/αεροσκαφών (Exercise 7A)

Ερώτηση: Read the definitions below and in the spaces provided, write the equivalent term for each vehicle, ship or aeroplane in your mother tongue. aircraft carrier = a warship with a long, flat deck where aircraft can take off and land. airliner = a large aeroplane used for carrying passengers. ferry(boat) = a boat that transports passengers and vehicles across rivers or short stretches of sea. freighter = a large ship or aeroplane designed for carrying freight (=goods, cargo). If a ship, it is also called cargo ship. liner = ship used to carry passengers. ocean liner = large ship on which people travel long distances, or go on holiday cruises. pick-up truck = a small truck with low sides that can be easily loaded and unloaded, used mainly by farmers and some technicians. tanker = a very large ship or lorry, an aircraft or railway vehicle used for transporting large quantities of gas or liquid, e.g. oil. transporter = a large vehicle or aeroplane used for carrying very large or heavy objects, e.g. cars. warplane = an aeroplane specially designed to be used in war to attack other aeroplanes or drop bombs. warship/battleship = a ship with guns used for fighting in wars. van = a small or medium-sized road vehicle with one row of seats and a space for carrying goods behind. coach = a large, comfortable bus or a train waggon that carries passengers. submarine = a ship that can travel under the surface of the sea.

Απάντηση:

• Οι όροι ορίζονται αυτούσια στο κείμενο (σελ. 25), π.χ. «aircraft carrier = a warship with a long, flat deck where aircraft can take off and land», «tanker = a very large ship or lorry... used for transporting large quantities of gas or liquid, e.g. oil». Η μετάφραση γίνεται με βάση αυτούς τους ορισμούς.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) aircraft carrier=αεροπλανοφόρο· airliner=επιβατικό αεροσκάφος· ferry(boat)=πορθμείο (φέρι-μποτ)· freighter=φορτηγό πλοίο/αεροσκάφος· liner=επιβατηγό πλοίο· ocean liner=υπερωκεάνιο· pick-up truck=ημιφορτηγό (pick-up)· tanker=δεξαμενόπλοιο/βυτιοφόρο· transporter=όχημα μεταφοράς βαρέων αντικειμένων· warplane=πολεμικό αεροσκάφος· warship/battleship=πολεμικό πλοίο (θωρηκτό)· van=φορτηγάκι· coach=υπεραστικό λεωφορείο (πούλμαν)· submarine=υποβρύχιο.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ενδεικτική μετάφραση· αποδεκτές και ισοδύναμες ελληνικές αποδόσεις.

Συμπλήρωση προτάσεων από το κείμενο (πηγή για Exercise 8, σελ. 28)

Ερώτηση: The technicians engaged in the field of mechanical engineering must be well trained and highly skilled so as to perform difficult work activities, such as to adjust and repair all types of machines and engines, to operate machine tools, to cut, shape and join metals, or to install and maintain heating, refrigeration, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. They must, as a result, work with accuracy and be able to use precision measuring instruments, handtools and welding equipment skilfully. They should also have a certain knowledge of Mathematics, be familiar with the properties of metals, and be able to read and produce drawings.

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 21, το κείμενο πάνω στο οποίο βασίζεται η άσκηση συμπλήρωσης κενών «Exercise 8» της σελ. 28 — «Taking your information from the text, complete the sentences below»): «...must be well trained and highly skilled so as to perform difficult work activities, such as to adjust and repair all types of machines and engines, to operate machine tools, to cut, shape and join metals, or to install and maintain heating, refrigeration, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. They must, as a result, work with accuracy and be able to use precision measuring instruments, handtools and welding equipment skilfully. They should also have a certain knowledge of Mathematics...».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Πρέπει να είναι well-trained και highly skilled· να μπορούν να adjust/repair machines and engines, operate machine tools, cut/shape/join metals, install/maintain heating/refrigeration/ventilation/air-conditioning systems, χρησιμοποιώντας precision measuring instruments, handtools και welding equipment· να έχουν γνώση Μαθηματικών και να δουλεύουν με ακρίβεια.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Αναγνώριση επαγγελμάτων από περιγραφή (Exercise 9A)

Ερώτηση: Identify the job described in each of the paragraphs below. 1. A person who designs engines, machines, etc. and supervises their maintenance. 2. Someone whose job involves skilled practical work with scientific equipment; a highly skilled craftsman e.g. technician or mechanic. 3. A person whose task is to check if all the activities in the machine shop are done correctly. 4. A person who makes, controls, repairs machinery, or operates a machine in a factory. 5. Someone whose job is to repair car engines. 6. A person who connects and repairs pipes, baths, toilets, etc. 7. Someone whose job is to operate machine tools, either conventional or CNC. 8. A skilled person involved in joining metals with the use of heat. 9. Someone who makes metal pieces with hand tools on the bench. 10. Someone who makes various objects from large, flat, thin metal pieces (sheets). 11. A person who is responsible for maintaining the engine of a ship. 12. Someone who installs and maintains refrigeration systems. 13. A technician who adjusts and repairs aircraft engines.

Απάντηση:

• Οι περιγραφές (σελ. 28-29) αντιστοιχούν στα επαγγέλματα που απαριθμούνται στην τρίτη παράγραφο του κυρίως κειμένου (σελ. 21): «bench- and sheet-metal worker, tool hardener, machinist, CNC machine tool operator, machine shop supervisor, welder, plumber, heating, refrigeration and air-conditioning systems installer and maintenance technician, car mechanic, aircraft engineer, ship engineer, etc.».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. mechanical engineer· 2. technician/mechanic· 3. machine shop supervisor· 4. machinist· 5. car mechanic· 6. plumber· 7. CNC machine tool operator· 8. welder· 9. bench-metal worker· 10. sheet-metal worker· 11. ship engineer· 12. refrigeration and air-conditioning systems installer/maintenance technician· 13. aircraft engineer.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Ελληνικά αντίστοιχα τεχνικών όρων (Exercise 10)

Ερώτηση: Write the Greek equivalent to the following English terms: industry, public services and utilities, means of transport, telecommunications, electric power supply, food preservation, power plant, machine tool, welding equipment, precision measuring instrument, gas turbine, steam turbine, diesel engine.

Απάντηση:

• Πρόκειται για όρους ήδη εισαγμένους στο κύριο κείμενο της ενότητας (σελ. 16-22)· η μετάφραση δίνεται με βάση τη χρήση τους εκεί.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) industry=βιομηχανία· public services and utilities=δημόσιες υπηρεσίες και επιχειρήσεις κοινής ωφέλειας· means of transport=μέσα μεταφοράς· telecommunications=τηλεπικοινωνίες· electric power supply=παροχή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας· food preservation=συντήρηση τροφίμων· power plant=σταθμός/μονάδα παραγωγής ενέργειας· machine tool=εργαλειομηχανή· welding equipment=εξοπλισμός συγκόλλησης· precision measuring instrument=όργανο ακριβείας μέτρησης· gas turbine=αεριοστρόβιλος· steam turbine=ατμοστρόβιλος· diesel engine=πετρελαιοκινητήρας (κινητήρας ντίζελ).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ενδεικτική μετάφραση· αποδεκτές ισοδύναμες αποδόσεις.