Λύσεις — Unit 2: Getting Away (σελ. 23) – ΓΕΝΙΚΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ Β ΕΠΑΛ

ΓΕΝΙΚΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ Β ΕΠΑΛ ΓΕΝΙΚΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ Β ΕΠΑΛ – ΛΥΣΕΙΣ – ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΕΙΣ Ασκήσεων Σχολικού Βιβλίου Λύσεις — Unit 2: Getting Away (σελ. 23) – ΓΕΝΙΚΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ Β ΕΠΑΛ

Λύσεις — Unit 2: Getting Away

Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 16 φιλτραρισμένων κλειστών ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 23-37): Past Simple/Continuous, reading για τη Μύκονο και τον Thomas Cook (word-meaning, ερωτήσεις κατανόησης), 2ος υποθετικός λόγος, λεξιλόγιο διακοπών, προθέσεις χρόνου, Present Perfect Simple/Continuous, word building -tion/-ive, phrasal verbs.

Past Simple ή Past Continuous — μουσικοί στον δρόμο (σελ. 23)

Ερώτηση: In the listening it says, “One day we were having breakfast on the deck when a small dolphin suddenly appeared on the surface of the sea”. a. When do we use the Past Simple and when the Past Continuous Tense? b. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous Tense. I (sit) in a cafe the other day when a small group of musicians suddenly (appear) on the pavement. They (play) music from Peru and they (wear) colourful clothes. After a while one member of the group (begin) to walk towards the tables. He (not collect) money as I (think) at the beginning, but he (sell) CD's and cassettes of the group.

Απάντηση:

a. Στο παράδειγμα του βιβλίου η ενέργεια «we were having breakfast» ήταν σε εξέλιξη (Past Continuous, φόντο) όταν συνέβη ξαφνικά το γεγονός «a small dolphin suddenly appeared» (Past Simple), που τη διέκοψε.
b. Κανόνας: Past Continuous για ενέργεια-φόντο σε εξέλιξη, Past Simple για το γεγονός που διακόπτει ή για διαδοχικά περιστατικά. «sit» περιγράφει το φόντο (was sitting), «appear» είναι το απότομο γεγονός (appeared), «play»/«wear» περιγράφουν συνοδευτικές ενέργειες σε εξέλιξη (were playing, were wearing), «begin» είναι διαδοχικό γεγονός (began), «think» είναι μία στιγμιαία σκέψη (thought), «collect»/«sell» περιγράφουν τι έκανε στην πραγματικότητα (wasn't collecting.../was selling).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a. We use the Past Continuous for an action that was in progress at a certain moment in the past (the background), and the Past Simple for a completed action or for a sudden event that interrupted the action in progress. b. was sitting, appeared, were playing, were wearing, began, wasn't collecting, thought, was selling.

Reading Μύκονος: συμπλήρωση κουτιών (σελ. 24, ex. 1)

Ερώτηση: Skim through the following extract from a guide to the island of Mykonos and find the words that best complete the boxes below: Where to stay, When to go, What to buy, Where to go.

Απάντηση:

Κάθε κουτί συμπληρώνεται με στοιχεία που δίνει ρητά το κείμενο (σελ. 24): «the ideal time to visit it is September, when the weather is at its best and tourists are scarce» / «summer is the peak season» (When to go)· «you can have a quiet holiday, staying at a beach hotel» (Where to stay)· «full of small shops with clothes, pottery souvenirs, jewellery» (What to buy)· «the capital Hora, with its colourful harbour», «isolated parts of the island», «beaches, bars and restaurants» (Where to go).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Where to stay: at a beach hotel (for a quiet holiday). When to go: in September, the ideal time (the weather is at its best and tourists are scarce); summer is the peak season (higher fares and sometimes a shortage of hotel rooms). What to buy: clothes, pottery souvenirs, jewellery. Where to go: the capital Hora with its colourful harbour, the whitewashed streets, the isolated parts of the island, the beaches, bars and restaurants.

Word-meaning: κείμενο για τη Μύκονο (σελ. 25, ex. 3)

Ερώτηση: Find a word or phrase in the text that means the following: people of letters and arts=, high season=, not many=, rising or falling sharply=, protection=, standing far from others=

Απάντηση:

Οι όροι εντοπίζονται στο κείμενο (σελ. 24): «...including large numbers of artists and intellectuals» (people of letters and arts→intellectuals)· «summer is the peak season» (high season→peak season)· «tourists are scarce» (not many→scarce)· «the steep mountains» (rising or falling sharply→steep)· «little fishing boats find shelter» (protection→shelter)· «visiting the isolated parts of the island» (standing far from others→isolated).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) people of letters and arts = intellectuals· high season = peak season· not many = scarce· rising or falling sharply = steep· protection = shelter· standing far from others = isolated.

Ερωτήσεις κατανόησης: κείμενο για τη Μύκονο (σελ. 25, ex. 4)

Ερώτηση: Read the text and answer the questions that follow. 1. What kind of tourists does the island attract? 2. What does the island look like? 3. What is unusual about the way the villages are built? 4. What would a foreign architect be interested in? 5. What kind of entertainment does the island offer?

Απάντηση:

Οι απαντήσεις αντλούνται αυτούσιες από το κείμενο (σελ. 24): 1. «the most cosmopolitan of all Greek islands attracts... visitors from the entire globe, including large numbers of artists and intellectuals». 2. «steep mountains give way to low, rocky hills which combine with superb beaches» και «brilliant white cubic houses with wooden doors and windows and brightly coloured balconies». 3. «Unlike other island villages, Mykonos is spread out over a flat area, giving out an impression of aesthetic unity». 4. Η ιδιαίτερη αρχιτεκτονική (λευκά κυβικά σπίτια, ασβεστωμένοι δρόμοι, αισθητική ενότητα, επίπεδη πολεοδομική διάταξη ασυνήθιστη για ελληνικό νησί). 5. «You can have a quiet holiday, staying at a beach hotel, visiting the isolated parts of the island, or join the crowds on beaches, in bars and restaurants».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. It attracts visitors from the entire globe, including large numbers of artists and intellectuals. 2. Steep mountains give way to low, rocky hills which combine with superb beaches; along the whitewashed streets stand brilliant white cubic houses with wooden doors and windows and brightly coloured balconies. 3. Unlike other island villages, Mykonos is spread out over a flat area, giving out an impression of aesthetic unity. 4. The way the town is built: it is spread out over a flat area, with whitewashed streets and white cubic houses, which give an impression of aesthetic unity. 5. It offers a variety of entertainment for all tastes and ages: a quiet holiday at a beach hotel, visiting the isolated parts of the island, or joining the crowds on beaches, in bars and restaurants.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Η ερώτηση 4 (τι θα ενδιέφερε έναν ξένο αρχιτέκτονα) δεν απαντιέται ρητά λέξη-προς-λέξη· η απάντηση συντίθεται λογικά από την περιγραφή αρχιτεκτονικής/πολεοδομίας του κειμένου.

2ο υποθετικό: ταύτιση Α/Β και σχηματισμός προτάσεων (σελ. 26, PRACTICE)

Ερώτηση: Match the prompts in A with the prompts in B and then write the sentences using the second conditional. A: I/win the lottery· I/be a teacher· I/know his number· Mary/not live so far· We/live close to the station· I/have more free time· She/be so shy· It/not rain. B: I/phone him· We/go to work by car· I/travel around the world· She/have friends· We/go for a walk· I/not give much homework· I/go out more often· We/visit her more often.

Απάντηση:

Κάθε ζεύγος ταιριάζει βάσει λογικής αιτίας-αποτελέσματος με δομή 2ου υποθετικού (If + past, would + infinitive): win the lottery→travel the world· be a teacher→not give much homework· know his number→phone him· Mary not live so far→visit her more often· live close to the station→go to work by car· have more free time→go out more often· be so shy→have friends (υπονοώντας «αν ΔΕΝ ήταν τόσο ντροπαλή»)· it not rain→go for a walk.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. 2. If I were a teacher, I wouldn't give much homework. 3. If I knew his number, I would phone him. 4. If Mary didn't live so far, we would visit her more often. 5. If we lived close to the station, we would go to work by car. 6. If I had more free time, I would go out more often. 7. If she weren't so shy, she would have friends. 8. If it didn't rain, we would go for a walk.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Η πρόταση «She/be so shy → She/have friends» απαιτεί λογική άρνηση («weren't») για να βγάλει νόημα — το βιβλίο δεν τυπώνει ρητά το «not» σε αυτό το ζεύγος, αλλά είναι το μόνο δυνατό ταίριασμα με «She» ως υποκείμενο.

Vocabulary: λεξιλόγιο διακοπών/ταξιδιού (σελ. 27, ex. 1)

Ερώτηση: Complete the following sentences with one word/phrase on holiday and travel. Choose each of the word/phrase from the box. There are three extra words/ phrases. package holiday, resort, tour operator, peak, journey, travel agent, souvenirs, camp-site, charter. 1. For general advice about travel, go to a . 2. A organises holidays. 3. During the summer there are flights, which are much cheaper than a scheduled one. 4. Last year we went on a . Everything was organised for us: the flight, the hotel and all the entertainment. 5. We brought back some local pottery as . Each time we look at them, we remember what a great time we had. 6. A holiday is a town which welcomes and entertains people.

Απάντηση:

Κάθε πρόταση ταιριάζει με μία λέξη/φράση από το πλαίσιο βάσει σημασίας: travel agent = δίνει γενικές συμβουλές ταξιδιού· tour operator = οργανώνει διακοπές· charter (flights) = φθηνότερες μη τακτικές πτήσεις· package holiday = οργανωμένες διακοπές με τα πάντα κανονισμένα· souvenirs = αναμνηστικά αντικείμενα· resort = πόλη/θέρετρο που υποδέχεται και διασκεδάζει τουρίστες. (Περισσεύουν 3 λέξεις/φράσεις: peak, journey, camp-site).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. travel agent. 2. tour operator. 3. charter. 4. package holiday. 5. souvenirs. 6. resort.

Reading Thomas Cook: ευρωπαϊκές χώρες πόλεων (σελ. 29, ex. 3)

Ερώτηση: In which European countries are the following places? Brussels, Cologne, Lisbon, Paris, Zurich, Milan.

Απάντηση:

Γενική γνώση γεωγραφίας. Οι περισσότερες πόλεις αναφέρονται στο κείμενο για τον Thomas Cook (σελ. 29: «offering tours to Brussels, Cologne, the Rhine, Strasbourg, Zurich, Paris and Milan»)· η Lisbon δεν αναφέρεται στο κείμενο.

Σύνοψη: Brussels: Belgium. Cologne: Germany. Lisbon: Portugal. Paris: France. Zurich: Switzerland. Milan: Italy.

Word-meaning: βιογραφία Thomas Cook (σελ. 30, ex. 4)

Ερώτηση: Find a word or phrase in the text that means the following: commerce=, started their journey=, officially recognised=, reason=, money gained in business=, make better=, large boats=, ask an amount of money as a price=, things done successfully=, started=

Απάντηση:

Οι όροι εντοπίζονται στο κείμενο (σελ. 28-29): «All big businesses» (commerce→business)· «a train... set off from Leicester» (started their journey→set off)· «neither money nor formal education» (officially recognised→formal)· «his motive was not to make a profit» (reason→motive)· «his first profit came in 1845» (money gained in business→profit)· «to try to improve society» (make better→improve)· «Liverpool, a port for steamers» (large boats→steamers)· «charge his customers a small fee» (ask an amount of money as a price→charge)· «Cook's achievements did not rest there» (things done successfully→achievements)· «What began as an unusual idea» / «the exceptional services he initiated» (started→began / initiated).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) commerce = business· started their journey = set off· officially recognised = formal· reason = motive· money gained in business = profit· make better = improve· large boats = steamers· ask an amount of money as a price = charge· things done successfully = achievements· started = began (ή initiated).

Ερωτήσεις κατανόησης: βιογραφία Thomas Cook (σελ. 30, ex. 5)

Ερώτηση: Answer the following questions about the text. 1. What was the first excursion that Thomas Cook arranged? 2. How did he manage to deal with its cost? 3. What was Cook's motive when he started this particular business? 4. When did he make his first profit? 5. Which places did he choose as his tourist destinations? 6. Did his business remain successful even after his death?

Απάντηση:

Οι απαντήσεις αντλούνται αυτούσιες από το κείμενο (σελ. 28-29): 1. «a train carrying 500 factory workers set off from Leicester towards Loughborough, 12 miles away» (5 Ιουλίου 1841). 2. «He had managed to persuade the Midland Railway Company to let him charter a train on the condition that he would pay them back once they had sold all the tickets». 3. «his motive was not to make a profit, but to try to improve society... transport people's minds and prevent them from getting into trouble». 4. «his first profit came in 1845 after he organised a trip to Liverpool». 5. «Brussels, Cologne, the Rhine, Strasbourg, Zurich, Paris and Milan», και αργότερα «travel all around the world». 6. «When Cook died in the 1890's, he left behind a name that is now known worldwide for the exceptional services he initiated».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. A train trip for 500 factory workers from Leicester to Loughborough, 12 miles away, on July 5, 1841. 2. He persuaded the Midland Railway Company to let him charter a train on the condition that he would pay them back once they had sold all the tickets. 3. His motive was not to make a profit, but to try to improve society and prevent people from getting into trouble with the police or causing other social problems. 4. In 1845, after he organised a trip to Liverpool. 5. First neighbouring towns and the countryside, then parts of Europe (Brussels, Cologne, the Rhine, Strasbourg, Zurich, Paris and Milan), and later places all around the world. 6. Yes. When he died in the 1890's, he left behind a name that is now known worldwide for the exceptional services he initiated.

Προθέσεις χρόνου: ταξινόμηση at/in/on/χωρίς πρόθεση (σελ. 32, ex. 1)

Ερώτηση: Write the times under the correct headings: at, in, on, no preposition. summer, 10.45 am, the evening, night, last week, a few days ago, the day before yesterday, the weekend, the 1890's, November, my birthday, the moment, Sunday morning, 2003, two weeks, Easter, 20 April 1965, the 20th century.

Απάντηση:

Κανόνας προθέσεων χρόνου: «at» για ώρες/στιγμές/Σαββατοκύριακο/γιορτές (10.45 am, night, the moment, the weekend, Easter)· «in» για εποχές/μέρη ημέρας/δεκαετίες-αιώνες/μήνες/χρονιές και για χρόνο «σε … από τώρα» (summer, the evening, the 1890's, November, 2003, the 20th century, two weeks)· «on» για ημέρες/ημερομηνίες/επετείους (my birthday, Sunday morning, 20 April 1965)· χωρίς πρόθεση για χρονικές εκφράσεις με last/ago/yesterday (last week, a few days ago, the day before yesterday).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) at: 10.45 am, night, the moment, the weekend, Easter. in: summer, the evening, the 1890's, November, 2003, the 20th century, two weeks. on: my birthday, Sunday morning, 20 April 1965. no preposition: last week, a few days ago, the day before yesterday.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Το «two weeks» παίρνει «in» (in two weeks = σε δύο εβδομάδες από τώρα)· χωρίς πρόθεση θα χρειαζόταν το «ago» (two weeks ago), που δεν δίνεται στην άσκηση.

Διόρθωση προτάσεων με προθέσεις χρόνου (σελ. 32, ex. 2)

Ερώτηση: Correct the following sentences. 1. I'll see you on next Saturday. 2. The term begins in 11 September and ends some time on November. 3. They often go out in Saturday evenings. 4. Margaret got married at 2000. 5. Do you give each other presents in Christmas?

Απάντηση:

Διόρθωση βάσει κανόνων προθέσεων χρόνου: 1. πριν από «next/last/this/every» δεν μπαίνει πρόθεση. 2. συγκεκριμένη ημερομηνία → «on», μήνας → «in». 3. ημέρες/βράδια συγκεκριμένης ημέρας → «on». 4. χρονιά → «in». 5. γιορτή (Christmas) → «at».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. I'll see you next Saturday. 2. The term begins on 11 September and ends sometime in November. 3. They often go out on Saturday evenings. 4. Margaret got married in 2000. 5. Do you give each other presents at Christmas?

Present Perfect Simple: ταύτιση παραδειγμάτων με χρήσεις (σελ. 33, ex. 1)

Ερώτηση: Match these examples with the different uses of the Present Perfect Simple Tense in the table above. 1. I've just finished my homework. 2. Alex has travelled all over the world. 3. I lived in Paris for two years. 4. She's worked for the same company for years. 5. We've known each other since we were born. 6. You've changed. What have you done to your hair?

Απάντηση:

Χρήσεις Present Perfect Simple (σελ. 33): a) εμπειρία παρελθόντος χωρίς σημασία στον χρόνο, b) ολοκληρωμένη ενέργεια, c) ρήματα κατάστασης, d) παροντικό αποτέλεσμα παρελθοντικού γεγονότος, e) μη ολοκληρωμένο παρελθόν. Η πρόταση 3 («I lived in Paris») είναι σε Past Simple, όχι Present Perfect — χρησιμοποιείται ως αντιπαράδειγμα («whereas the Past Simple Tense refers to a past action that is finished now»), όχι ως ταύτιση με κάποια χρήση a-e.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-b (ολοκληρωμένη ενέργεια)· 2-a (εμπειρία, ο χρόνος δεν έχει σημασία)· 3-δεν ταιριάζει με a-e, είναι Past Simple (αντιπαράδειγμα)· 4-e (μη ολοκληρωμένο παρελθόν)· 5-c (ρήμα κατάστασης «know»)· 6-d (παροντικό αποτέλεσμα).

Present Perfect Continuous: ταύτιση παραδειγμάτων με χρήσεις (σελ. 34, ex. 2)

Ερώτηση: Match these examples with the different uses of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense in the table above. 1. I've been having problems with my stomach. 2. He's been painting his room. 3. She's been waiting at the bus stop for ages. 4. Scientists have been looking for a new medicine since the new virus attacked.

Απάντηση:

Χρήσεις Present Perfect Continuous (σελ. 34): a) μη ολοκληρωμένο παρελθόν, b) ενέργεια που ξεκίνησε στο παρελθόν και συνεχίζεται (ρήματα διάρκειας), c) πρόσφατη ενέργεια, μπορεί να έχει ή όχι τελειώσει, d) επαναλαμβανόμενη ενέργεια. 1 «having problems» = επαναλαμβανόμενο πρόβλημα (d). 2 «painting his room» = πρόσφατη ενέργεια, ίσως όχι ολοκληρωμένη (c). 3 «waiting... for ages» = διάρκεια, συνεχίζεται (b). 4 «since the virus attacked» = μη ολοκληρωμένο παρελθόν με αφετηρία (a).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-d (επαναλαμβανόμενη ενέργεια)· 2-c (πρόσφατη ενέργεια, ίσως όχι ολοκληρωμένη)· 3-b (ξεκίνησε και συνεχίζεται, διάρκεια)· 4-a (μη ολοκληρωμένο παρελθόν).

PPS ή PPC — συμπλήρωση κενών (σελ. 35, ex. 3)

Ερώτηση: Complete the gaps with the correct form of the verb in the parenthesis. 1. My friend is very busy recently. He (learn) Italian. 2. Look! Somebody (break) that car window. 3. Is it still snowing? No, it (stop) . 4. You (change) . (you/lose) weight? 5. I (read) the book you lent me. It was very good. 6. Your eyes are red. (you/cry) ? 7. My telephone is working again. My brother (repair) it. 8. Our parents are on holiday. Really? Where (they/go) ? 9. I (save) money to buy a computer. How much (you/save) so far? 10. Your hands are covered with mud. (you/work) in the garden?

Απάντηση:

Κανόνας: Present Perfect Continuous για πρόσφατη/συνεχιζόμενη δραστηριότητα (ιδίως όταν εξηγεί μια ορατή τωρινή κατάσταση), Present Perfect Simple για ολοκληρωμένη ενέργεια/αποτέλεσμα/ποσότητα. 1. πρόσφατη συνεχιζόμενη δραστηριότητα → has been learning. 2. ορατό αποτέλεσμα τώρα → has broken. 3. ολοκληρωμένο γεγονός → has stopped. 4. ορατή αλλαγή/αποτέλεσμα → have changed / Have you lost. 5. ολοκληρωμένη ενέργεια με αποτέλεσμα (γνώμη) → have read. 6. πρόσφατη δραστηριότητα εξηγεί την τωρινή κατάσταση (κόκκινα μάτια) → Have you been crying. 7. ολοκληρωμένη ενέργεια με ορατό αποτέλεσμα → has repaired. 8. ολοκληρωμένη ενέργεια → have they gone. 9. συνεχιζόμενη δραστηριότητα / ποσότητα μέχρι τώρα → have been saving / have you saved. 10. πρόσφατη δραστηριότητα εξηγεί την τωρινή κατάσταση (λασπωμένα χέρια) → Have you been working.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. has been learning. 2. has broken. 3. has stopped. 4. have changed· Have you lost. 5. have read. 6. Have you been crying. 7. has repaired. 8. have they gone. 9. have been saving· have you saved. 10. Have you been working.

Word building: -tion/-ive (σελ. 37, ex. 3)

Ερώτηση: Now form nouns and adjectives from the following verbs, making any necessary spelling changes: attract, produce, create, inform, protect.

Απάντηση:

Κανόνας-παράδειγμα δίνεται ρητά στο κείμενο (σελ. 36): «Liverpool is described as an attraction for most people... offered people attractive places» → attract-attraction(noun)/attractive(adjective). Η ίδια λογική εφαρμόζεται στα υπόλοιπα ρήματα.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) attract → attraction (noun) / attractive (adjective). produce → production / productive. create → creation / creative. inform → information / informative. protect → protection / protective.

Phrasal verbs: set off / pay back / go on (σελ. 37, ex. 4)

Ερώτηση: PHRASAL VERBS (Phrasal verbs are two- or three- part verbs which are used in informal English.) In the texts we came across the following phrasal verbs: set off, pay back and go on. Match these verbs to the meanings below and then make sentences of your own. Don't forget to use the correct tense. Verbs: set off, pay back, go on. Meanings: continue an activity, begin a journey, return money you have borrowed.

Απάντηση:

Οι φράσεις ρήματα εντοπίζονται στο κείμενο για τον Thomas Cook (σελ. 28-29): «a train... set off from Leicester» (ξεκίνησε το ταξίδι)· «he would pay them back once they had sold all the tickets» (θα επέστρεφε τα χρήματα)· «he went on to offer travel all around the world» (συνέχισε). Ταιριάζουν έτσι με την πραγματική τους σημασία.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) set off = begin a journey. pay back = return money you have borrowed. go on = continue an activity. Example sentences: We set off early in the morning to avoid the traffic. I'll pay you back the money next week. After the break the teacher went on with the lesson.