Λύσεις — Unit 6: Technology (σελ. 84) – ΓΕΝΙΚΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ Β ΕΠΑΛ

ΓΕΝΙΚΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ Β ΕΠΑΛ ΓΕΝΙΚΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ Β ΕΠΑΛ – ΛΥΣΕΙΣ – ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΕΙΣ Ασκήσεων Σχολικού Βιβλίου Λύσεις — Unit 6: Technology (σελ. 84) – ΓΕΝΙΚΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ Β ΕΠΑΛ

Λύσεις — Unit 6: Technology

Λύσεις των 15 φιλτραρισμένων κλειστών ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 84-101): reading comprehension (κινητά τηλέφωνα, ιστορία Internet, ποίημα), λεξιλόγιο (find word/phrase, verb-preposition combinations, word building, phrasal verbs, αντίθετα επίθετα) και γραμματική (μελλοντικές μορφές, Past Perfect, προθέσεις χρόνου/τόπου).

Reading «Living with risk» — λεξιλόγιο (Exercise 1)

Ερώτηση: Find a word or phrase in the text that means the following. connection = damaged = frightening = antenna = the fitting = trouble = that cannot be harmed by a disease or an illness = examined = a decision or an opinion given after testing or examining = danger =

Απάντηση:

connection → link(s) («the possible links between mobile phone radiation and brain damage»).
damaged → damage («brain damage»).
frightening → scary («another scary story about potential dangers»).
antenna → mast(s) («radiation from phone masts»· ίδιο με «antennas» παρακάτω, αλλά η άσκηση ζητά διαφορετική λέξη).
the fitting → installation («prevent the installation of transmitters»).
trouble → fuss («why all the fuss?»).
that cannot be harmed by a disease or an illness → immune («weaken the immune system»).
examined → explored («other effects had yet to be sufficiently explored»).
a decision or an opinion given after testing or examining → verdict («a final safety verdict»).
danger → hazard («the potential hazard»).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) connection=link(s), damaged=damage, frightening=scary, antenna=mast(s), the fitting=installation, trouble=fuss, immune to disease=immune, examined=explored, verdict=verdict, danger=hazard.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

«Antenna» και «mast» δεν είναι απόλυτα συνώνυμα (ένας ιστός/κεραία), αλλά είναι η λέξη που χρησιμοποιεί το κείμενο για να αναφερθεί σε «antenna».

True/False «Living with risk» (Exercise 2)

Ερώτηση: Read the article again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1. A study of the effects of electromagnetic radiation on people has shown that mobile use may cause premature Alzheimer's. 2. Europeans are worried more about electromagnetic radiation from phone masts. 3. Mobile phone users are exposed to much higher levels of radiation from masts. 4. Antennas could cause sleep disturbance and headaches. 5. Other effects of mobile phone radiation on people have to be studied. 6. We must decide whether we are going to use mobile phones more or less in the future. 7. We must wait to hear what scientists have to say. 8. There is not going to be a total proof that the use of mobile phones is harmless.

Απάντηση:

1. Ψευδές: η μελέτη έγινε σε αρουραίους, όχι ανθρώπους («looked at the effects... on rats, not people»).
1. Αληθές: «what's freaking Europeans out is the idea of electromagnetic radiation from phone masts».
1. Ψευδές: εκτίθενται σε μεγαλύτερη ακτινοβολία από τα handsets, όχι τους ιστούς.
1. Αληθές: «antennas could cause sleep disturbance and headaches and weaken the immune system».
1. Αληθές: «other effects had yet to be sufficiently explored».
1. Ψευδές: το κείμενο μιλά για ζύγισμα κόστους-οφέλους («whether the convenience... is worth the potential hazard»), όχι απλώς πόσο συχνά θα χρησιμοποιούμε κινητά.
1. Ψευδές: «We can't wait for a final safety verdict».
1. Αληθές: «there's no such thing as total proof, no such thing as zero risk».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-Ψευδές, 2-Αληθές, 3-Ψευδές, 4-Αληθές, 5-Αληθές, 6-Ψευδές, 7-Ψευδές, 8-Αληθές.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Η πρόταση 6 είναι η πιο δύσκολη: το κείμενο δεν λέει απλώς «πρέπει να αποφασίσουμε πόσο θα τα χρησιμοποιούμε», αλλά ότι πρέπει να ζυγίσουμε κόστος έναντι οφέλους.

Reading «History of the Internet» — λεξιλόγιο (Exercise 1)

Ερώτηση: Find a word or phrase in the text that means the following. involved = fighting against attack = web = took part = described exactly = created = made more efficient = dealing with = providing with money = fixing firmly =

Απάντηση:

involved → engaged («organisations engaged in defense-related research»).
fighting against attack → defense («Department of Defense», «defense-related research»).
web → network («a communications network»).
took part → make use of («Researchers and academics in other fields began to make use of the network») — φράση, όχι μονολεκτικό συνώνυμο.
described exactly → defined («which defined how electronic messages were packaged, addressed and sent»).
created → established («was established in 1969»).
made more efficient → upgraded («was upgraded to a high speed network»).
dealing with → handling («capable of handling far greater traffic»).
providing with money → funding («due to limited funding and support from the military»).
fixing firmly → embedding («a system of embedding links in a text»).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) involved=engaged, fighting against attack=defense, web=network, took part=make use of, described exactly=defined, created=established, made more efficient=upgraded, dealing with=handling, providing with money=funding, fixing firmly=embedding.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Το «took part» αντιστοιχεί σε φράση («make use of»), όχι μονολεκτική λέξη — ερμηνευτική επιλογή, αφού το «engaged» χρησιμοποιείται ήδη για το «involved».

True/False Internet history (Exercise 2)

Ερώτηση: Read the text again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1. The Internet was born to provide a communications network which would allow computers to share information on scientific fields. 2. This communications network would work even in a nuclear war. 3. The early Internet was very easy to use. 4. The development of IP technology allowed users to be connected with other complex networks directly to the ARPANet. 5. The @ symbol is related to e-mail. 6. NSFNet established a distributed network supported by the military. 7. In 1989 the World Wide Web was established. 8. In 1991 the University of Minnesota developed the first really user-friendly access system to the Internet.

Απάντηση:

1. Ψευδές: σκοπός ήταν δίκτυο για οργανισμούς αμυντικής έρευνας («defense-related research»), όχι γενικά «επιστημονικά πεδία».
1. Αληθές: «that would work even if some of the sites were down or destroyed by nuclear war».
1. Ψευδές: «There was nothing friendly about it... a very complex system».
1. Αληθές: «It allowed users to link various branches of other complex networks directly to the ARPANet».
1. Αληθές: «The @ symbol was picked to link the username and address» (E-mail, 1972).
1. Ψευδές: το NSFNet ιδρύθηκε από το National Science Foundation (πολιτικό/επιστημονικό ίδρυμα)· το κείμενο συνδέει την έλλειψη στρατιωτικής χρηματοδότησης με το κλείσιμο του ARPANet, όχι με το NSFNet.
1. Ψευδές: το 1989 απλώς προτάθηκε το πρωτόκολλο· έγινε World Wide Web το 1991.
1. Αληθές: «In 1991 the first really user-friendly access system to the Internet was developed at the University of Minnesota».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-Ψευδές, 2-Αληθές, 3-Ψευδές, 4-Αληθές, 5-Αληθές, 6-Ψευδές, 7-Ψευδές, 8-Αληθές.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Προσοχή στις προτάσεις 6 και 7: το κείμενο διαχωρίζει ρητά τι έγινε το 1989 (πρόταση πρωτοκόλλου, κλείσιμο ARPANet) από τι έγινε το 1991 (Web, φιλικό interface).

Poem «Embrace» — Αληθές/Ψευδές με παράθεση στίχου (Exercise 1)

Ερώτηση: Read the poem again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Copy the line/lines of the poem that can justify your choice. 1. The changes of technology are coming undeniably fast now. 2. The poet is not willing to accept these changes. 3. Everyday life is not affected by technology. 4. The poem is urging us to keep up with the pace of change.

Απάντηση:

1. Αληθές — «Rapid, / And irreversible.»
1. Ψευδές — «I love the change, / The transformation fascinates me,» και η προτροπή «Embrace it.» δείχνουν πλήρη αποδοχή.
1. Ψευδές — «Every day life as we know it will be no more, / Even the simple things have changed,»
1. Αληθές — «Don't deny the coming, / Don't attempt to prevent the change, / Don't let it pass leaving you behind, / Don't fear that which is new, / ... Just so long as you / Embrace it.»

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-Αληθές («Rapid, And irreversible.»), 2-Ψευδές («I love the change... Embrace it.»), 3-Ψευδές («Every day life... will be no more»), 4-Αληθές («Don't deny the coming... Embrace it.»).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Verb-preposition combinations (Exercise 2)

Ερώτηση: Complete the following sentences with the correct verb and preposition from the table (look-at, freak-out, expose-to, tend-to, stop-from, link-to, base-on, wait-for). 1. The doctor put a bandage around his wounded leg to ..................................................... bleeding. 2. She .................................. and smiled. 3. Where have you been? I ..................................................... 20 minutes. 4. Women ............................................ live longer than men. 5. Use of sprays .................................................. skin cancer. 6. My parents really .................................................. when they saw my red hair. 7. This novel .................................................. historical events. 8. The art teacher believes that his students must .................................................. to great works of art as often as possible.

Απάντηση:

Τα 8 ζεύγη ρήμα-πρόθεση (πίνακας σελ. 93) επιβεβαιώνονται στα ίδια τα κείμενα του Unit 6: freak...out («what's freaking Europeans out»), expose to («exposed to much higher levels»), tend to («tend to be exposed»), stop...from («hasn't stopped 320 million Europeans from buying»), link to («can be linked to mobile phones»), base on («based on hypertext»/«Based on ... article»), wait for («We can't wait for a final safety verdict»), look at (μόνο εναπομένον ζεύγος).
1. «to stop it from bleeding» (η επίδεση σταματά το πόδι από την αιμορραγία).
1. «looked at me/him and smiled» (το ρήμα+πρόθεση παίρνει αντικείμενο μέσα στο ίδιο κενό).
1. «I waited for 20 minutes».
1. «Women tend to live longer than men».
1. «Use of sprays is linked to skin cancer».
1. «My parents really freaked out when they saw my red hair».
1. «This novel is based on historical events».
1. «must be exposed to great works of art».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-stop...from, 2-looked at, 3-waited for, 4-tend to, 5-is linked to, 6-freaked out, 7-is based on, 8-be exposed to.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Και τα 8 ζεύγη του πίνακα χρησιμοποιούνται ακριβώς μία φορά η καθεμία — καλή διασταύρωση ότι η αντιστοίχιση είναι σωστή.

Τι σημαίνει το «will»; Matching (How language 1)

Ερώτηση: Match the following sentences with the different meanings of will. 1. That shopping bag looks heavy. I'll help you with it. 2. Will you close the window, please? 3. Oh, I didn't know Jill was in hospital. I'll go and see her. 4. I'll get a driving license, even if I have to take the exam many times! 5. I can see you're working, so I won't keep you long. 6. We'll go to that Italian restaurant, but not today. a) a refusal or an inability to do something b) a decision made just now c) a request d) a promise e) willingness or an offer to do something f) a determination to do something

Απάντηση:

1. «I'll help you with it» → προσφορά αυθόρμητης βοήθειας → e) willingness/offer.
1. «Will you close the window, please?» → c) request.
1. «I'll go and see her» → απόφαση τη στιγμή που μαθαίνει το νέο → b) decision made just now.
1. «I'll get a driving license, even if...» → επιμονή/αποφασιστικότητα → f) determination.
1. «I won't keep you long» → διαβεβαίωση ότι δεν θα ενοχλήσει πολύ → d) promise.
1. «We'll go to that Italian restaurant, but not today» → δεν είναι διαθέσιμο σήμερα → a) refusal/inability (με την έννοια «δεν μπορούμε σήμερα»).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-e, 2-c, 3-b, 4-f, 5-d, 6-a.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Οι αντιστοιχίσεις 5 και 6 έχουν κάποιο περιθώριο ερμηνείας — ενδεικτική κατάταξη βάσει της πιο κοινής χρήσης του «will» σε κάθε πρόταση.

Άλλες μελλοντικές μορφές — underline + matching (How language 2)

Ερώτηση: 1. Underline the future form used in the following sentences. 1. I'm not working tomorrow, so we can go shopping. 2. The train leaves from Thessaloniki at 12.30 and arrives in Athens at 17.30. 3. - Peter called while you were out. - OK. I'll phone him back. 4. - Have you done your homework? - Not yet. I'm going to do it in the afternoon. 2. Which form of the future is used to talk about: a) an intention or a decision to do something b) a definite future arrangement c) a future event, e.g. on a programme, timetable, etc. d) a probability based on present evidence

Απάντηση:

1. «I'm not working tomorrow» → Present Continuous (κανονισμένο σχέδιο).
1. «leaves... arrives» → Present Simple (δρομολόγιο/timetable).
1. «I'll phone him back» → will (απόφαση τη στιγμή που μιλάει).
1. «I'm going to do it» → going to (πρόθεση/σχέδιο).
Μέρος 2: a) πρόθεση/απόφαση → going to · b) οριστική συμφωνία → Present Continuous · c) δρομολόγιο/πρόγραμμα → Present Simple · d) πιθανότητα βάσει παρόντος στοιχείου → going to (το «going to» έχει ΔΥΟ χρήσεις: πρόθεση ΚΑΙ πρόβλεψη από ένδειξη).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Μέρος 1: 1-Present Continuous, 2-Present Simple, 3-will, 4-going to. Μέρος 2: a-going to, b-Present Continuous, c-Present Simple, d-going to.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Το «going to» εμφανίζεται ΔΥΟ φορές στο μέρος 2 (a και d) — δεν είναι λάθος, είναι οι δύο βασικές χρήσεις του.

PRACTICE: σωστή μελλοντική μορφή (10 προτάσεις)

Ερώτηση: Complete the sentences using an appropriate future form. 1. I don't know how to use this wireless phone. It's quite easy. (I show) ..................................... you. 2. - Have you decided what to do about that job advertisement? - Yes, (I/not/apply) .................................................... for it. 3. (the concert/begin) ........................................................... at 21.00 or 21.30? 4. My cousin (come) ...................................................... to see us at the weekend. She (travel) ....................................................... by train and her train (arrive) ..................................................... at 12.30. I (meet) ........................................................... her at the station. 5. I think it (cost) ........................................................ 500 euros to repair the car. 6. They (get married) ................................................ on Saturday at the local church. 7. We haven't seen each other for ages. I wonder if he (recognise) ....................................... me. 8. I (stop) ...................................................... smoking after Christmas. 9. (you/call) ...................................................... my parents and tell them that my car has broken down and I (be) .................................................. late? 10. We can't meet at 5.00. I (see) .............................................. my dentist at that time, but I'm free afterwards.

Απάντηση:

1. «I'll show you» (προσφορά τη στιγμή που μιλάει).
1. «I'm not going to apply» (απόφαση ήδη ληφθείσα).
1. «Does the concert begin» (δρομολόγιο/πρόγραμμα).
1. «is coming... is travelling... arrives... I'll meet» (κανονισμένο σχέδιο, δρομολόγιο τρένου, απόφαση/προθυμία).
1. «will cost» (πρόβλεψη/γνώμη, cue «I think»).
1. «are getting married» (οριστική κανονισμένη συμφωνία με ημερομηνία/τόπο).
1. «will he recognise» (αβεβαιότητα/πρόβλεψη).
1. «am going to stop» (πρόθεση/σχέδιο).
1. «Will you call... I'll be» (αίτημα· πρόβλεψη).
1. «am seeing» (σταθερό ραντεβού, Present Continuous).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-'ll show, 2-'m not going to apply, 3-Does...begin, 4-is coming/is travelling/arrives/'ll meet, 5-will cost, 6-are getting married, 7-will...recognise, 8-am going to stop, 9-Will...call/'ll be, 10-am seeing.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Περισσότερες από μία μορφές μπορεί να θεωρηθούν αποδεκτές σε ορισμένα κενά (π.χ. #5 «is going to cost»)· η απάντηση είναι ενδεικτική.

PRACTICE: Past Simple ή Past Perfect Simple (10 προτάσεις)

Ερώτηση: Put the verbs into the Past Simple or the Past Perfect Simple Tense. 1. Nobody (come) .................................................. to the meeting, because the secretary (forget) ....................................................... to tell people about it. 2. The lesson (already/start) .............................................. , when I (arrive) ......................................... . 3. She (tell) ................................................ me that she (work) ..................................................... in France and Germany. 4. Mary (be) ............................ upset because her boyfriend (not/phone) ........................................ . 5. When we (get) ......................................... home last night, we (find) ........................................... out that somebody (break) ........................................ into the house. 6. The woman sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She (never/fly) ........................................ by plane before. 7. We (go) ........................................ to our home town after many years. It wasn't the same at all. Everything (change) ........................................ . 8. I (ask) ........................................ if he (want) ........................................ anything to eat, but he (tell) ........................................... me that he (just/have) ........................................ breakfast. 9. I (not/know) ........................................ who she was. I (not/meet) ........................................ her before. 10. We (go) ................................................ to the cinema last night, but Jenny (not/come) ........................................ . She (already/see) ........................................ the film.

Απάντηση:

Κανόνας: η ενέργεια που έγινε πρώτη χρονικά (πριν από την άλλη) παίρνει Past Perfect, η δεύτερη/επόμενη παίρνει Past Simple.
1. came / had forgotten. 2. had already started / arrived. 3. told / had worked. 4. was / hadn't phoned. 5. got / found / had broken. 6. had never flown. 7. went / had changed. 8. asked / wanted / told / had just had. 9. didn't know / hadn't met. 10. went / didn't come / had already seen.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-came/had forgotten, 2-had already started/arrived, 3-told/had worked, 4-was/hadn't phoned, 5-got/found/had broken, 6-had never flown, 7-went/had changed, 8-asked/wanted/told/had just had, 9-didn't know/hadn't met, 10-went/didn't come/had already seen.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Προθέσεις χρόνου: in/at/on (10 κενά)

Ερώτηση: Complete the gaps with in, at, on. 1. ................... 1997 2. ................... Easter 3. ................... Saturday 4. ................... Monday evening 5. ................... March 6. ................... the afternoon 7. ................... midnight 8. ................... 6 o'clock 9. ................... Christmas Day 10. ................... the 1970's

Απάντηση:

Κανόνας πίνακα σελ. 98: in + έτος/μήνας/μεγάλη περίοδος/μέρος της ημέρας, on + συγκεκριμένη ημέρα, at + ώρα/στιγμιαία περίοδος (μεσάνυχτα, Χριστούγεννα ως σημείο).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-in 1997, 2-at Easter, 3-on Saturday, 4-on Monday evening, 5-in March, 6-in the afternoon, 7-at midnight, 8-at 6 o'clock, 9-on Christmas Day, 10-in the 1970's.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Προθέσεις τόπου (8 κενά)

Ερώτηση: Complete the gaps with the correct preposition. 1. We're going to spend the whole week .......... Paris. 2. Your key's .......... the reception desk. 3. I didn't see you .......... the office yesterday. Is everything OK? 4. He usually meets his friends .......... that pub. 5. There are seventy rooms .......... that hotel. I'm sure they have vacancies. 6. She's a student .......... Athens University. 7. I wasn't in when you phoned. I was .......... the dentist's. 8. The wedding reception took place .......... Grand Hotel.

Απάντηση:

Κανόνας σελ. 99: in για πόλεις και για το εσωτερικό ενός κτιρίου, at για σημείο/στάση, εκδήλωση, ή γνωστές εκφράσεις (at school/work/university, at somebody's).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-in Paris, 2-at the reception desk, 3-in the office, 4-at that pub, 5-in that hotel, 6-at Athens University, 7-at the dentist's, 8-at the Grand Hotel.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Τα #4 και #8 δέχονται «at» επειδή αντιμετωπίζονται ως σημεία συνάντησης/εκδήλωσης, όχι ως απλά κτίρια.

Word building — 12 λέξεις (Work and play with words)

Ερώτηση: The following nouns and adjectives appear in the unit. Provide the missing endings. 1. power............. (adjective) 2. grow............. (noun) 3. disturb............. (noun) 4. vari............. (adjective) 5. connect............. (noun) 6. popular............. (noun) 7. install............. (noun) 8. scientif............. (adjective) 9. accept............. (adjective) 10. conveni............. (noun) 11. distribu............. (noun) 12. safe............. (noun)

Απάντηση:

Οι καταλήξεις προκύπτουν από τα ίδια τα λήμματα του Unit 6 (mobile phones, Internet): powerful, growth, disturbance, various, connection, popularity, installation, scientific, acceptable, convenience, distribution, safety.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-powerful, 2-growth, 3-disturbance, 4-various, 5-connection, 6-popularity, 7-installation, 8-scientific, 9-acceptable, 10-convenience, 11-distribution, 12-safety.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Η δημιουργία προτάσεων με κάθε λέξη είναι ελεύθερη άσκηση γραφής — δεν αξιολογείται εδώ, μόνο ο σχηματισμός της λέξης.

Phrasal verbs: call for / take over / shut down / take place

Ερώτηση: Match these verbs with the meanings below, and then use them in the correct form to complete the sentences. a) happen b) stop working c) gain control or responsibility d) require, demand or need. 1. call for 2. take over 3. shut down 4. take place. 1. The Olympic Games of 2004 ......................................................... in Athens. 2. The situation ...................................................... immediate action. 3. A lot of local shops ................................................... in the last few years. 4. The factory .............................................. by an American multinational company.

Απάντηση:

Matching: call for=d (απαιτεί), take over=c (αναλαμβάνει έλεγχο), shut down=b (σταματά να λειτουργεί), take place=a (συμβαίνει).
1. «took place» (Παρελθόν, γεγονός). 2. «calls for» (απαιτεί άμεση δράση). 3. «have shut down» (έκλεισαν). 4. «was taken over» (Παθητική φωνή, γιατί δίνεται ο agent «by an American multinational company»).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Matching: 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a. Cloze: 1-took place, 2-calls for, 3-have shut down, 4-was taken over.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Το #4 χρειάζεται Παθητική Φωνή, επειδή η πρόταση δίνει το «by + πράκτορα».

Αντίθετα επίθετα: πρόθημα in-/ir-/il-/im-

Ερώτηση: Complete the gaps with one of the prefixes in-/ir-/il-/im-. 1. An ...............regular verb. 2. An ...............possible plan. 3. An ...............expensive present. 4. An ...............moral action. 5. An ...............dependent country. 6. An ...............correct exercise. 7. An ...............polite person. 8. An ...............logical plan.

Απάντηση:

Κανόνας σελ. 101: ir- πριν από r, il- πριν από l, im- πριν από m/p, in- σε όλες τις άλλες περιπτώσεις.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-irregular, 2-impossible, 3-inexpensive, 4-immoral, 5-independent, 6-incorrect, 7-impolite, 8-illogical.

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