Λύσεις — Unit 5: Stop and Reload (Units 1-4) (σελ. 76) – ΓΕΝΙΚΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ Β ΕΠΑΛ
Λύσεις — Unit 5: Stop and Reload (Units 1-4)
Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 13 φιλτραρισμένων κλειστών drills της ενότητας επανάληψης (σελ. 76-81): Present Perfect/Past Simple, 1ος υποθετικός λόγος, λεξιλόγιο φυσικών καταστροφών, δίλεκτα ουσιαστικά, word building, phrasal verbs, Passive Voice, Past Simple/Continuous αφήγηση, used to, comparative/superlative βαθμός.
I1: Present Perfect ή Past Simple σε διαλόγους (σελ. 76)
Ερώτηση: I1. Complete the conversations below. Use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple Tense. 1. Peter: (you/see American Pie) .................................................................................. ............................................................................... ? Mike: Yes, I saw it last week. Peter: (you/like/it) I2. Study the following leaflet and make If sentences using the cues given. Mike: It was OK. Peter: (you/see/it/at the cinema) So what could happen? If the Earth gets hotter, some important changes could happen: ............................................................................... ? ............................................................................... ? Mike: No, I got it out on a video. 2. Susan: (Mary/telephone/yet) Mother: Yes, she has. Susan: (What time/she/phone) ............................................................................... ? ............................................................................... ? Mother: At about six o'clock. Susan: (you/tell/her about the barbecue) ............................................................................... ? Mother: Oh, no. I forgot. 3. Robert: (Ben/get back/from holiday / yet) ............................................................................... ? Alex: No, he hasn't. Robert: (Where/he/go) ............................................................................... ? Alex: To Crete, I think. Robert: (you/ever/be/there) ............................................................................... ? Alex: Yes, I have. Robert: (When/you/go) ............................................................................... ? Alex: Last summer.
Απάντηση:
- Κανόνας: Present Perfect για εμπειρία/ερώτηση χωρίς συγκεκριμένο χρόνο ή με «yet/ever», Past Simple όταν η απάντηση δίνει ή προϋποθέτει συγκεκριμένο χρόνο (last week, at six o'clock, last summer, to Crete).
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. Have you seen American Pie? / Did you like it? / Did you see it at the cinema? 2. Has Mary telephoned yet? / What time did she phone? / Did you tell her about the barbecue? 3. Has Ben got back from holiday yet? / Where did he go? / Have you ever been there? / When did you go?
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
I2: If-sentences από το φυλλάδιο υπερθέρμανσης (σελ. 76-77)
Ερώτηση: Study the following leaflet and make If sentences using the cues given. So what could happen? If the Earth gets hotter, some important changes could happen: Water expands when heated and oceans absorb more heat than land, so sea levels would rise. Sea levels would also rise due to the melting of the glaciers and sea ice. Cities on coasts would have flood problems. Places that usually get lots of rain and snowfall might get hotter and drier. Lakes and rivers could dry up. There would be more droughts making it hard to grow crops. Less water would be available for drinking, showers and swimming pools. Some plants and animals might become extinct because of the heat. Hurricanes, tornadoes and other storms caused by changes in heat and water evaporation may get more common. Example: If the Earth gets hotter, sea levels would rise.
Απάντηση:
- Κάθε bullet του φυλλαδίου μετατρέπεται σε πρόταση με «If the Earth gets hotter, ...», ακολουθώντας ακριβώς το δοσμένο παράδειγμα.
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) If the Earth gets hotter: sea levels would also rise due to the melting of the glaciers and sea ice· cities on coasts would have flood problems· places that usually get lots of rain and snowfall might get hotter and drier· lakes and rivers could dry up· there would be more droughts, making it hard to grow crops· less water would be available for drinking, showers and swimming pools· some plants and animals might become extinct because of the heat· hurricanes, tornadoes and other storms may get more common.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
I3: Λέξεις φυσικών καταστροφών (σελ. 77)
Ερώτηση: Find five words connected to natural disasters in the leaflet, and match them to their meanings. 1. : very bad weather, with strong winds, rain and thunder. 2. : a violent storm with very strong circular winds. 3. : continuous dry weather, when there is not enough water for people's needs. 4. : a violent storm with very strong winds, especially in the western Atlantic Ocean. 5. ___: a large quantity of water covering an area that is usually dry.
Απάντηση:
- Οι πέντε λέξεις εμφανίζονται ρητά στο φυλλάδιο (σελ. 76-77): «There would be more droughts», «Hurricanes, tornadoes and other storms», «Cities on coasts would have flood problems» — αντιστοιχούν στους ορισμούς βάσει της πραγματικής τους σημασίας.
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. storm (πολύ κακός καιρός, δυνατοί άνεμοι, βροχή, κεραυνοί). 2. tornado (βίαιη θύελλα με πολύ ισχυρούς κυκλικούς ανέμους). 3. drought (συνεχής ξηρασία). 4. hurricane (βίαιη θύελλα με πολύ ισχυρούς ανέμους, ιδίως στον δυτικό Ατλαντικό). 5. flood (μεγάλη ποσότητα νερού που καλύπτει περιοχή συνήθως στεγνή).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
I4: Δίλεκτα ουσιαστικά + μετάφραση (σελ. 77)
Ερώτηση: I4. Use the following words in the box to complete the two-word nouns of the list. Then translate them. rain, diagrams, pollution, graphs, warming, mass, layer, science, waste, holiday, sprays, food, greenhouse, blanket, petrol translation ozone package industrial mass pie aerosol junk global air computer thermal acid statistic gases unleaded
Απάντηση:
- Κάθε στοιχείο της λίστας σχηματίζει καθιερωμένο δίλεκτο ουσιαστικό με μία λέξη του πλαισίου: ozone+layer, package+holiday, industrial+waste, global+warming, air+pollution, computer+science, thermal+blanket, acid+rain, statistic+diagrams, greenhouse+gases (gases+greenhouse), unleaded+petrol, aerosol+sprays, junk+food, pie+graphs. Το στοιχείο «mass» της λίστας ταιριάζει καλύτερα με τον διεθνώς καθιερωμένο όρο «mass media» — λέξη που ΔΕΝ υπάρχει στο τυπωμένο πλαίσιο (πιθανό τυπογραφικό κενό, βλ. προσοχή).
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) ozone layer (στιβάδα του όζοντος)· package holiday (οργανωμένες διακοπές)· industrial waste (βιομηχανικά απόβλητα)· mass media (μέσα μαζικής ενημέρωσης)· pie graphs (γραφήματα πίτας)· aerosol sprays (σπρέι αερολύματος)· junk food (ανθυγιεινό φαγητό)· global warming (υπερθέρμανση του πλανήτη)· air pollution (ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση)· computer science (επιστήμη υπολογιστών)· thermal blanket (θερμική κουβέρτα)· acid rain (όξινη βροχή)· statistic diagrams (στατιστικά διαγράμματα)· greenhouse gases (αέρια του θερμοκηπίου)· unleaded petrol (αμόλυβδη βενζίνη).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
- Το πλαίσιο λέξεων περιλαμβάνει τη λέξη «mass» ΔΥΟ φορές (και ως στοιχείο της λίστας ΚΑΙ ως επιλογή στο πλαίσιο), χωρίς να δίνει τη λέξη «media» — προφανές τυπογραφικό κενό του βιβλίου· η λύση «mass media» υιοθετείται ως η μοναδική λογική απόδοση, καταγράφοντας την ασυνέπεια αντί να επινοηθεί τεχνητός συνδυασμός με τις εναπομείνασες λέξεις του πλαισίου.
I5(a): Word building -er/-or/-ive (σελ. 77-78)
Ερώτηση: Word building: nouns in -er, -or, -ar, -ion and adjectives in -ive. a) Read the following definitions, circle the key nouns or verbs and write the missing words. liar n. a person who tells lies. n. the quantity produced. adj. able to create things. adj. giving useful information. n. a person who edits a paper. ___ adj. sb or sth that protects.
Απάντηση:
- Κάθε ορισμός αντιστοιχεί σε ήδη γνωστό λεξιλόγιο word building της ενότητας: «the quantity produced» → output· «able to create things» → creative· «giving useful information» → informative· «a person who edits a paper» → editor· «sb or sth that protects» → protective.
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) output (n. η ποσότητα που παράγεται)· creative (adj. ικανός να δημιουργεί)· informative (adj. που δίνει χρήσιμες πληροφορίες)· editor (n. πρόσωπο που επιμελείται/διορθώνει μια εφημερίδα)· protective (adj. αυτό/ος που προστατεύει).
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
I6: Phrasal verbs cloze (σελ. 78)
Ερώτηση: Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the phrasal verbs in the box: educate about, set off, die out, aim at, pass through, dry out, carry out, go on. 1. According to a recent survey by the Ministry of Health, Greek teenagers smoke more cigarettes than their older brothers and sisters. 2. He is a very good athlete. He the gold in the next Olympic Games. 3. If you don't want to be held up by traffic, you'd better before 7.00 am. 4. Although the teacher offended him in class, he talking. 5. If you are in a hurry, the park instead of going around it. 6. Scientists believe that in 100 years many species of animals, trees and flowers . 7. Parents and teachers should young children the harmful effects of unhealthy food. 8. Local authorities ___ the lake to make it a cultivated land.
Απάντηση:
- Κάθε phrasal verb ταιριάζει βάσει νοήματος: «carried out» (έρευνα που διεξήχθη)· «is aiming at» (στοχεύει σε μετάλλιο)· «set off» (ξεκίνα νωρίς)· «went on» (συνέχισε)· «pass through» (πέρασε μέσα από το πάρκο)· «will die out» (θα εξαφανιστούν)· «educate... about» (εκπαιδεύσουν σχετικά με)· «dried out» (αποξήραναν τη λίμνη).
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. carried out. 2. is aiming at. 3. set off. 4. went on. 5. pass through. 6. will die out. 7. educate... about. 8. dried out.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
I9: Ταύτιση + σωστός χρόνος (σελ. 79)
Ερώτηση: I9. Match the prompts on the left with those on the right and put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. 1. If I (be) __ a) my parents (be) free on Saturday, very pleased. 2. She (become) b) I (go) __ to ___ mad England. 3.You (feel) _ c) I (go) to the better, mountains. 4. If I (pass) d) if you (stop) this exam, _ smoking. 5. If my English e) if she (go) _ (get) on like that. better,
Απάντηση:
- Ταύτιση βάσει νοήματος (μικτός υποθετικός λόγος, σελ. 79): 1-c: If I'm free on Saturday, I'll go to the mountains. 2-e: She'll become mad if she goes on like that. 3-d: You'll feel better if you stop smoking. 4-b: If I pass this exam, I'll go to England. 5-a: If my English gets better, my parents will be very pleased.
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1-c: If I am free on Saturday, I will go to the mountains. 2-e: She will become mad if she goes on like that. 3-d: You will feel better if you stop smoking. 4-b: If I pass this exam, I will go to England. 5-a: If my English gets better, my parents will be very pleased.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
I10: Passive Voice cloze — ανακύκλωση αλουμινίου (σελ. 79)
Ερώτηση: Put the verbs in brackets into the Passive Voice. Millions of cans (throw away) every day. Well, the cans (make) from aluminium, and aluminium (extract) from bauxite. Bauxite (not find) in the ground like other metals, but in the soil, in the tropical forests in Brazil, Jamaica, etc. Large forest areas have to (cut down) and a power station to (build) , so that aluminium can (extract) . However, the forests needn't (destroy) . Aluminium can (recycle) ___ easily and cheaply.
Απάντηση:
- Κάθε ρήμα μετατρέπεται σε παθητική φωνή (be + past participle, με τα κατάλληλα modal/infinitive όπου χρειάζεται): are thrown away, are made, is extracted, is not found, have to be cut down, to be built, can be extracted, needn't be destroyed, can be recycled.
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) are thrown away· are made· is extracted· is not found· have to be cut down· to be built· can be extracted· needn't be destroyed· can be recycled.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
I11 (η δεύτερη «I1»): Past Simple ή Past Continuous — το Σαββατοκύριακο του John (σελ. 79-80)
Ερώτηση: This was John's weekend. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. On Saturday morning, John (get up) late. He (have) to hurry, because his girlfriend Susan (wait) for him for their journey to the mountains. When they (set off) , it was already midday. While he (drive) along the motorway, it (start) to rain. The rain (make) the traffic heavy and John nervous. So when the car in front of them (brake) suddenly, he almost (crash) into it. Nobody got hurt, so they (go on) . When they (reach) their destination, the rain had stopped. On Sunday morning the sun (shine) and nothing (remind) them of the previous day. They happily (take) their ski equipment and (head) ___ for the slopes.
Απάντηση:
- Κανόνας: Past Continuous για ενέργειες-φόντο σε εξέλιξη (waiting, driving, shining), Past Simple για διαδοχικά/ολοκληρωμένα γεγονότα (got up, had, set off, started, made, braked, crashed, went on, reached, reminded, took, headed).
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) got up, had, was waiting, set off, was driving, started, made, braked, crashed, went on, reached, was shining, reminded, took, headed.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
I13: Word building nouns/adjectives (σελ. 80)
Ερώτηση: Form nouns and adjectives from the following words, making any necessary spelling changes. 1. After the break he continued his speech without any (interrupt) . 2. The policeman was very (inform) . He clearly explained to me how to get to the station. 3. This restaurant offers a (select) of local and foreign wines. 4. It is (danger) to walk alone in the streets at night. 5. His bodyguards offer him (protect) for twenty-four hours. 6. There are police patrols all day long for the (prevent) of crimes.
Απάντηση:
- Κάθε λέξη μετατρέπεται σε ουσιαστικό/επίθετο με την κατάλληλη κατάληξη: interrupt→interruption (n.)· inform→informative (adj.)· select→selection (n.)· danger→dangerous (adj.)· protect→protection (n.)· prevent→prevention (n.).
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. interruption. 2. informative. 3. selection. 4. dangerous. 5. protection. 6. prevention.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
I14: Διάλογος σε εστιατόριο (σελ. 80-81)
Ερώτηση: I14. Read the following dialogue and complete it with prompts from the box. W Would you like anything to drink? W Thank you. W And for the main course? W Good evening, sir. May I take your order? W It's grilled fish with vegetables. Waiter: ... Paul: Yes, please. I'll have the vegetable soup to start with. Waiter: ... Paul: I haven't decided yet. What's today's special? Waiter: ... Paul: That sounds nice. I'll have that, please. Waiter: ... Paul: Mineral water, please. Waiter: ...
Απάντηση:
- Κάθε πρόταση του πλαισίου τοποθετείται βάσει της λογικής ροής ενός γεύματος: υποδοχή→παραγγελία ορεκτικού (Good evening, sir. May I take your order?)· ρώτημα για κύριο πιάτο (And for the main course?)· απάντηση για το πιάτο ημέρας (It's grilled fish with vegetables.)· ρώτημα για ποτό (Would you like anything to drink?)· κλείσιμο (Thank you.).
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Waiter 1: Good evening, sir. May I take your order? Waiter 2: And for the main course? Waiter 3: It's grilled fish with vegetables. Waiter 4: Would you like anything to drink? Waiter 5: Thank you.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
I15: used to — τα παιδικά χρόνια της Alice (σελ. 81)
Ερώτηση: Alice is talking about her childhood. Complete the sentences with used to in the correct form. When I was a child, I (1. not spend) my summer holidays at a seaside resort, but (2. visit) my grandparents in the countryside. Recently, I visited the house where my grandparents (3. live) . I saw the garden where I (4. play) with the other kids from the neighbourhood. We (5. not play) with toys, but we (6. climb) up trees and (7. help) my grandparents to feed the animals, or (8. follow) them in the fields. Most of the shops were there: the old grocer's where we (9. buy) sweets. However, the cinema where I (10. enjoy) going to with my grandfather wasn't there.
Απάντηση:
- Κάθε ρήμα παίρνει τη μορφή used to/didn't use to (παρελθοντική συνήθεια που πλέον δεν ισχύει), εκτός από το «(3. live)» που περιγράφει απλή παρελθοντική κατάσταση (used to live).
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. didn't use to spend. 2. used to visit. 3. used to live. 4. used to play. 5. didn't use to play. 6. used to climb. 7. used to help. 8. used to follow. 9. used to buy. 10. used to enjoy.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:
I16: Comparatives and superlatives (σελ. 81)
Ερώτηση: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the adjectives. 1. It was a tiring day. It was (bad) day of my life. 2. The food at that restaurant was very good. It was (delicious) meal I've had for ages. 3. I can't understand the instructions. They should be (simple) . 4. I like living in a big city. It's (interesting) than living in the countryside. 5. These coats look the same, but mine was (expensive) than yours. 6. The test was very difficult. It was the test of the term. 7. Which is (hot) ? California or Florida? 8. She is (bad) than me at maths. She didn't manage to pass the test.
Απάντηση:
- Κάθε επίθετο παίρνει τον κατάλληλο συγκριτικό/υπερθετικό τύπο βάσει νοήματος: bad→the worst (υπερθετικός, «day of my life»)· delicious→the most delicious (υπερθετικός, πολυσύλλαβο)· simple→simpler (συγκριτικός/βελτίωση)· interesting→more interesting (συγκριτικός, πολυσύλλαβο)· expensive→more expensive (συγκριτικός, πολυσύλλαβο)· difficult→the most difficult (υπερθετικός, εννοείται από «very difficult»)· hot→hotter (συγκριτικός, μονοσύλλαβο)· bad→worse (συγκριτικός).
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. the worst. 2. the most delicious. 3. simpler. 4. more interesting. 5. more expensive. 6. most difficult. 7. hotter. 8. worse.
Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης: