Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 8: The First Touch (σελ. 40) – ENGLISH FOR OFFICE CLERKS Β ΕΠΑΛ

Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 8: The First Touch

Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 14 φιλτραρισμένων ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 39-42): 8 ερωτήσεις κατανόησης/κρίσης (A. Questions) + 6 κλειστές ασκήσεις λεξιλογίου/γραμματικής (B. Exercises).

Ερώτηση 1 (σελ. 40)

Ερώτηση: Why did Maria prefer to travel by train?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 39): «She preferred to travel by train, as the underground station was only about two or three minutes' walk from where she lived».

Σύνοψη: Because the underground station was only about two or three minutes' walk from where she lived.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Απάντησε με Because + την αιτία που δίνει το κείμενο.

Ερώτηση 2 (σελ. 40)

Ερώτηση: What kind of people were hurrying into the station?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 39): «Crowds of commuters, most of them businessmen, secretaries, typists, shop-assistants, representatives, managers, accountants, salesmen, indeed people from all walks of life».

Σύνοψη: Commuters from all walks of life: businessmen, secretaries, typists, shop-assistants, representatives, managers, accountants, salesmen.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Αρκεί το 'commuters from all walks of life' με μερικά παραδείγματα επαγγελμάτων.

Ερώτηση 3 (σελ. 40)

Ερώτηση: What was the office building like?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 40): «It was a really imposing high building, a sample of modern architecture».

Σύνοψη: A really imposing, high building — a sample of modern architecture.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Δύο επίθετα (imposing, high) + 'a sample of modern architecture'.

Ερώτηση 4 (σελ. 40)

Ερώτηση: How did she go up to the sixth floor? Was there another way of going up there?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 40): «She made her way up to the sixth floor using the lift, although she could have used the escalator».

Σύνοψη: She used the lift; yes, there was another way — she could have used the escalator.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Η ερώτηση έχει δύο σκέλη — απάντησε και στα δύο (lift, escalator).

Ερώτηση 5 (σελ. 40)

Ερώτηση: Was she the first person to arrive there?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 40): «While walking along a long corridor she could see the clerks through the glass partitions. They were already at work».

Σύνοψη: No, the clerks were already at work when she arrived.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Το 'already at work' δείχνει ότι οι υπάλληλοι είχαν φτάσει πριν από αυτήν.

Ερώτηση 6 (σελ. 40)

Ερώτηση: Describe Mr Yianniotis's office.

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 40): «It was well-lighted and pleasantly warm. Modern pictures were hung on the walls, which were painted in pale colours... there were hung some diagrams and plans... A thick carpet covered the floor and the furniture... was placed in good order».

Σύνοψη: It was well-lighted and pleasantly warm, with modern pictures on pale-coloured walls, diagrams and plans behind the manager's desk, a thick carpet on the floor, and modern, comfortable furniture placed in good order.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Περιέγραψε φωτισμό, θερμοκρασία, τοίχους, πίνακες/διαγράμματα, χαλί και έπιπλα.

Ερώτηση 7 (σελ. 40)

Ερώτηση: Would you like to work in an office like that? Say why.

Απάντηση:

• Η απάντηση στηρίζεται στην περιγραφή του γραφείου (σελ. 40): well-lighted, pleasantly warm, modern pictures, pale colours, thick carpet, modern and comfortable furniture in good order.
• Δομή: Yes, I would / No, I wouldn't + because + στοιχεία από το κείμενο.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Yes, I would like to work in an office like that, because it is well-lighted, pleasantly warm and tidy, with modern pictures, pale colours and comfortable furniture. Such a pleasant and convenient place would help me work better.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Δικαιολόγησε τη γνώμη σου (Say why) με στοιχεία του κειμένου.
• Ενδεικτική απάντηση — δεκτή και αρνητική, αρκεί να τεκμηριώνεται.

Ερώτηση 8 (σελ. 40)

Ερώτηση: Do you believe that nice and pleasant surroundings affect people's mood and consequently their work? Discuss.

Απάντηση:

• Η ερώτηση ζητά τεκμηριωμένη γνώμη (Discuss): συνδέουμε το περιβάλλον (φως, χρώματα, τάξη, άνεση) με τη διάθεση και την απόδοση.
• Το κείμενο δίνει ήδη ένα επιχείρημα: οι τοίχοι ήταν βαμμένοι σε απαλά χρώματα «to help eyes while working» (σελ. 40).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Yes, I believe that nice and pleasant surroundings affect people's mood and consequently their work. In a well-lighted, warm and tidy office, with pale colours and comfortable furniture, employees feel relaxed and can concentrate better, so they work more efficiently. On the other hand, a dark, noisy or untidy office makes people tired and irritable.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ανέπτυξε τουλάχιστον ένα επιχείρημα με παράδειγμα.
• Ενδεικτική απάντηση — δεκτή κάθε τεκμηριωμένη γνώμη.

Άσκηση 1 (σελ. 40)

Ερώτηση: Rewrite the sentences. Each time replace the boldfaced parts of the sentences with the prompts given using the correct tense: a. At 9.45 on Wednesday morning Maria left her house. → At 8.00 every morning Maria ... / It's 9.45. Maria ... b. A quarter of an hour later she found herself outside the building. → In five minutes from now she ... c. When she arrived, they were already at work. → When you wake up tomorrow, they ... / When the manager arrives, they ... for 2 hours. d. Mr Yianniotis wasn't there at that very moment. → Mr Yianniotis ... for all next month. / Mr Yianniotis ... there for a year.

Απάντηση:

• a. Συνήθεια (every morning) → Present Simple: «At 8.00 every morning Maria leaves her house.» Τώρα (It's 9.45) → Present Continuous: «It's 9.45. Maria is leaving her house.»
• b. Μέλλον (in five minutes from now) → Future Simple: «In five minutes from now she will find herself outside the building.»
• c. Μέλλον → Future Simple: «When you wake up tomorrow, they will already be at work.» Διάρκεια ως ένα σημείο του μέλλοντος (for 2 hours) → Future Perfect Continuous: «When the manager arrives, they will have been working for 2 hours.»
• d. Το μη έντονο τμήμα (wasn't there) κρατά την άρνηση: Future Continuous/Simple → «Mr Yianniotis won't be there for all next month.» Διάρκεια ως τώρα (for a year) → Present Perfect: «Mr Yianniotis hasn't been there for a year.»

Σύνοψη: a. At 8.00 every morning Maria leaves her house. / It's 9.45. Maria is leaving her house. b. In five minutes from now she will find herself outside the building. c. When you wake up tomorrow, they will already be at work. / When the manager arrives, they will have been working for 2 hours. d. Mr Yianniotis won't be there for all next month. / Mr Yianniotis hasn't been there for a year.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Αλλάζει μόνο το έντονο τμήμα· το υπόλοιπο της πρότασης (π.χ. η άρνηση wasn't there στο d) μένει ίδιο, με σωστό χρόνο.
• Μετά το when σε μελλοντική χρονική πρόταση μπαίνει Present Simple (When the manager arrives), όχι will.

Άσκηση 2 (σελ. 41)

Ερώτηση: Think of an adjective to match the following nouns: a. businessman b. secretary c. shop-assistant d. representative e. manager f. accountant g. salesman h. machine i. building j. architecture k. corridor l. look m. carpet n. furniture o. order p. place

Απάντηση:

• a. successful businessman · b. efficient secretary · c. friendly shop-assistant · d. reliable representative
• e. busy manager · f. careful accountant · g. persuasive salesman · h. modern machine (automatic ticket machine)
• i. imposing building · j. modern architecture · k. long corridor · l. quick look
• m. thick carpet · n. comfortable furniture · o. good order · p. pleasant place
• Αρκετά επίθετα υπάρχουν στο κείμενο (imposing, modern, long, quick, thick, comfortable, good, pleasant).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) π.χ. a. successful businessman b. efficient secretary c. friendly shop-assistant d. reliable representative e. busy manager f. careful accountant g. persuasive salesman h. modern machine i. imposing building j. modern architecture k. long corridor l. quick look m. thick carpet n. comfortable furniture o. good order p. pleasant place.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ενδεικτική άσκηση ελεύθερης επιλογής επιθέτου — αποδεκτό κάθε λογικό επίθετο που ταιριάζει σημασιολογικά.

Άσκηση 3 (σελ. 41)

Ερώτηση: Write the question for the boldfaced parts of the sentences: a. At 9.45 on Wednesday morning Maria left her house. b. She preferred to travel by train. c. The underground station was only about 2 or 3 minutes' walk from where she lived. d. Crowds of commuters were hurrying into the station to get to their post by 9.00 or 9.30 a.m. e. The building was really imposing and high. f. She could see the clerks through the glass partitions. g. “Come in”, she heard. h. Mr. Yianniotis would be back in two or three minutes. i. A thick carpet covered the floor.

Απάντηση:

• a. Χρόνος → When: «When did Maria leave her house?»
• b. Μέσο → How: «How did she prefer to travel?»
• c. Απόσταση → How far: «How far was the underground station from where she lived?»
• d. Σκοπός → Why: «Why were crowds of commuters hurrying into the station?»
• e. Περιγραφή → What... like: «What was the building like?»
• f. Πρόσωπο-αντικείμενο → Who: «Who could she see through the glass partitions?»
• g. Αντικείμενο → What: «What did she hear?»
• h. Υποκείμενο → Who (χωρίς βοηθητικό do): «Who would be back in two or three minutes?»
• i. Είδος/ποιότητα → What kind of: «What kind of carpet covered the floor?»

Σύνοψη: a. When did Maria leave her house? b. How did she prefer to travel? c. How far was the underground station from where she lived? d. Why were crowds of commuters hurrying into the station? e. What was the building like? f. Who could she see through the glass partitions? g. What did she hear? h. Who would be back in two or three minutes? i. What kind of carpet covered the floor?

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Η ερώτηση στοχεύει ΜΟΝΟ στο έντονο τμήμα: στο (h) έντονο είναι το υποκείμενο (Mr. Yianniotis) και στο (i) το επίθετο (A thick).
• Όταν ρωτάμε για το υποκείμενο (Who would be back...?) δεν γίνεται αντιστροφή ούτε μπαίνει do/did.

Άσκηση 4 (σελ. 41)

Ερώτηση: How would you feel if, like Maria, you were going to be interviewed? Nervous, excited, anxious, depressed, self-confident? Why?

Απάντηση:

• Η ερώτηση ζητά να διαλέξεις ένα ή περισσότερα από τα επίθετα που δίνονται (nervous, excited, anxious, depressed, self-confident) και να εξηγήσεις γιατί (Why?).
• Βοηθά να συνδέσεις την απάντηση με την κατάσταση της Maria: πρώτη συνέντευξη, χωρίς προηγούμενη εμπειρία.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) If, like Maria, I were going to be interviewed, I would feel nervous and a little anxious, because it would be my first interview and I would have no previous experience. At the same time I would feel excited, because I would have the chance to get my first job.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Χρησιμοποίησε τη δομή 'If I were going to be interviewed, I would feel...' (2ος τύπος υποθετικού λόγου).
• Ενδεικτική απάντηση — δεκτή κάθε λογικά τεκμηριωμένη επιλογή συναισθήματος.

Άσκηση 5 (σελ. 42)

Ερώτηση: Fill in the blanks of the following table: ... touch / ... interview / ... requirement / prefer ... / walk ... / ... commuter / ... typist / ... representative / queue ... / hope ... / arrive ... / cover ... / ... design / place ... / think ... / ... request

Απάντηση:

• Ρήμα → ουσιαστικό: prefer → preference, walk → walk, queue → queue, hope → hope, arrive → arrival, cover → cover, place → place, think → thought
• Ουσιαστικό → ρήμα: touch → touch, interview → interview, requirement → require, commuter → commute, typist → type, representative → represent, design → design, request → request
• Πολλά ζεύγη έχουν την ίδια μορφή ως ρήμα και ουσιαστικό (touch, interview, walk, queue, hope, cover, design, place, request).

Σύνοψη: touch/touch · interview/interview · require/requirement · prefer/preference · walk/walk · commute/commuter · type/typist · represent/representative · queue/queue · hope/hope · arrive/arrival · cover/cover · design/design · place/place · think/thought · request/request.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Πρόσεξε τις καταλήξεις ουσιαστικών: -ment (requirement), -ence (preference), -al (arrival), -er/-ist/-ative για πρόσωπα (commuter, typist, representative).
• think → thought (ανώμαλος σχηματισμός).

Άσκηση 6 (σελ. 42)

Ερώτηση: Fill in the blanks with the right prepositions: a. ... a quarter to nine Maria went ... the interview she had ... Mr Yianniotis, ... his request. b. Crowds ... commuters, who were people ... all walks ... life, were hurrying ... the station ... get ... work. c. The company Maria hoped to work ... was housed ... an imposing building, which was a sample ... modern architecture. d. While walking ... the corridors, she could see the clerks ... the glass partitions. e. Modern pictures were hung ... the walls, which were painted ... pale colours, and the furniture was placed ... good order. f. She thought that it was a really pleasant place ... work ... .

Απάντηση:

• a. «AT a quarter to nine Maria went TO the interview she had WITH Mr Yianniotis, AT his request.»
• b. «Crowds OF commuters, who were people FROM all walks OF life, were hurrying INTO the station TO get TO work.»
• c. «The company Maria hoped to work FOR was housed IN an imposing building, which was a sample OF modern architecture.»
• d. «While walking ALONG the corridors, she could see the clerks THROUGH the glass partitions.»
• e. «Modern pictures were hung ON the walls, which were painted IN pale colours, and the furniture was placed IN good order.»
• f. «She thought that it was a really pleasant place TO work IN.»

Σύνοψη: a. At / to / with / at · b. of / from / of / into / to / to · c. for / in / of · d. along / through · e. on / in / in · f. to / in.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Οι φράσεις υπάρχουν στο κείμενο (σελ. 39-40): at his request, from all walks of life, work for, a sample of, in good order, a place to work in.
• Στο (f) η πρόθεση in μένει στο τέλος της πρότασης (a place to work in).