Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 63: Unit 5 Consolidation Exercises – ENGLISH FOR OFFICE CLERKS Β ΕΠΑΛ

Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 63: Unit 5 Consolidation Exercises

Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 18 ασκήσεων επανάληψης της ενότητας (σελ. 303-312): λεξιλόγιο ταξιδιού/επιχειρήσεων, παράγωγα λέξεων, αναφορικές αντωνυμίες, ρηματικοί χρόνοι, τροπικά ρήματα, προθέσεις, αντώνυμα, προθήματα, ένα crossword και πλάγιος λόγος. ΚΑΜΙΑ εξαίρεση — καμία ανοιχτή παραγωγική εργασία ή Listening σε αυτό το Consolidation.

trip/voyage/journey/excursion/travel

Ερώτηση: Choose the correct word to complete the blanks. a. The message had ……. from the headquarters to all the branches of the company. b. It was a ……. of thousands of miles. c. In the course of his ……. round the Mediterranean our manager took part in various meetings. d. Repetitive ……. have exhausted him. e. Our travel agency makes weekend ……. to the greek islands. f. They went on an ……. to the mountains yesterday.

Απάντηση:

• Διάκριση σημασιών: travel (γενική έννοια/ρήμα), voyage (μεγάλη απόσταση, συχνά δια θαλάσσης), journey (μετακίνηση από τόπο σε τόπο), trip (σύντομη μετάβαση-επιστροφή), excursion (σύντομη οργανωμένη εκδρομή).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a. travelled. b. voyage. c. travels. d. journeys. e. excursions. f. trip.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ενδεικτική κατανομή λέξεων· αποδεκτές και άλλες λογικές εναλλαγές (π.χ. trip/excursion).

advantage/profit/benefit/earnings/income

Ερώτηση: Choose the correct word to complete the blanks (note that 'benefit' does not usu. involve money; 'profit' always does; 'earnings' generally refers to what may be earned). a. Advertising helped the company make a ……. of millions of dollars. b. For the ……. of their company, they have to make a lot of changes. c. Good marketing is of great ……. to every marketer. d. He didn't take ……. of their offer last month and has to pay £100 more now. e. His ……. by writing advertising texts exceed the amount of £10,000 a year. f. He wanted over a quarter of his total annual ……. after taxes.

Απάντηση:

• profit = πάντα χρηματικό κέρδος· benefit = όφελος (όχι απαραίτητα χρηματικό)· advantage = πλεονέκτημα (πάγια έκφραση «take advantage of»)· earnings = τα κερδισμένα (από εργασία)· income = συνολικό εισόδημα.

Σύνοψη: a. profit. b. benefit. c. advantage. d. advantage. e. earnings. f. income.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Rewrite με «What» (a-e)

Ερώτηση: Rewrite the sentences using 'What' where possible (note that 'What' can be used as subject or object of the clause but it cannot be used with adjectives; do not change the word order). a. The thing that I hate about our manager is his arrogance. b. The only thing that he cares about is money. c. The thing that interests him about his staff is their efficiency. d. The thing that he did first, was to inform the personnel about the financial crisis. e. The last thing he cares about is his personnel appearance.

Απάντηση:

• Το «What» αντικαθιστά τη φράση «the thing that» ως υποκείμενο της πρότασης.

Σύνοψη: a. What I hate about our manager is his arrogance. b. What he cares about is money. c. What interests him about his staff is their efficiency. d. What he did first was to inform the personnel about the financial crisis. e. What he cares about least is his personal appearance.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Παράγωγα από κεφαλαία — επανάληψη λεξιλογίου κεφ. 57-62 (a-l)

Ερώτηση: Fill in the blanks with words deriving from the ones in capitals at the end of each sentence. a. Do ……. affect the sales of a product? ADVERTISE b. If you travel to countries belonging to the ……. Union, you do not have to get a visa. EUROPE c. The ……. ……. are found in the brochure. PARTICIPATE, REGULATE d. Is ……. included in the price? ACCOMMODATE e. Advertising is not possible to discover immutable ……. laws. PREDICT f. The ……. of TV advertising lies in the fact that television is viewed in a special way. SIGNIFY g. The ……. lies ……. and ……. with advertisers and their agencies. RESPONSIBLE, FAIR, SQUARE h. Without the ……. muscle, nothing moves; no films, no print, no media ……., and ultimately no advertising ……. . FINANCE, BOOK, BUSY i. Reporters and ……. are undoubtedly entitled to express their own opinion without any ……. . JOURNAL, RESTRICT j. There are also ……. that cigarette ……. bears a close ……. to other addictions. ARGUE, ADDICT, RESEMBLE k. ……. public relations are involved at all levels of the sales and ……. system. EFFECT, DISTRIBUTE l. If the ……. ……. are dealt with very quickly, the ……. of business level goes up to almost a 100%. CONSUME, COMPLAIN, RETAIN

Απάντηση:

• Άσκηση επανάληψης: οι φράσεις (g,h,i,j,k,l) είναι ΑΥΤΟΥΣΙΕΣ φράσεις-κλειδιά από τα κεφάλαια 56/57/58/59/61/62 του ίδιου Unit — «the responsibility lies fairly and squarely with advertisers» (κεφ.56), «financial muscle... media booking... advertising business» (κεφ.57), «reporters and journalists... without any restriction» (κεφ.58), «cigarette addiction bears a close resemblance» (κεφ.59), «effective public relations... sales and distribution system» (κεφ.61), «consumers' complaints... retention of business level» (κεφ.62).

Σύνοψη: a. advertisements. b. European. c. participation regulations. d. accommodation. e. predictive. f. significance. g. responsibility, fairly, squarely. h. financial, booking, business. i. journalists, restriction. j. arguments, addiction, resemblance. k. Effective, distribution. l. consumers' complaints, retention.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Πίνακας ρήμα/ουσιαστικό από επίθετα (12 σειρές)

Ερώτηση: Complete the table with the verb and noun deriving from each given adjective: bright, deep, flat, glad, hard, less, quiet, short, straight, thick, weak, wide.

Απάντηση:

• Τυπικός σχηματισμός με -en (ρήμα) και -ness (ουσιαστικό) από μονοσύλλαβα επίθετα.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) bright — brighten — brightness. deep — deepen — depth. flat — flatten — flatness. glad — gladden — gladness. hard — harden — hardness. less — lessen — (δεν υπάρχει κοινό ουσιαστικό). quiet — quieten — quietness. short — shorten — shortness. straight — straighten — straightness. thick — thicken — thickness. weak — weaken — weakness. wide — widen — width.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Το «less» δεν σχηματίζει τυπικό ουσιαστικό ίδιας οικογένειας· αποδεκτό να μείνει κενό ή να σημειωθεί εξαίρεση.

Επίθετα από ουσιαστικά + αντίθετα (12 σειρές)

Ερώτηση: Form the adjectives deriving from the given nouns and then form their opposites adding the necessary prefix or suffix: doubt, care, faith, meaning, skill, gratitude, help, hope, value, use, success, rest.

Απάντηση:

• Πρότυπο -ful/-less (careful/careless) και προθήματα un-/in- για ορισμένες περιπτώσεις (grateful/ungrateful).

Σύνοψη: doubt — doubtful — doubtless. care — careful — careless. faith — faithful — faithless. meaning — meaningful — meaningless. skill — skilful — unskilful. gratitude — grateful — ungrateful. help — helpful — helpless. hope — hopeful — hopeless. value — valuable — valueless. use — useful — useless. success — successful — unsuccessful. rest — restful — restless.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Ρήματα σε σωστό χρόνο (a-l)

Ερώτηση: Put the verbs in brackets in their correct form. a. He (go) ……. to the manager's office when I met him. b. He never (work) ……. in the advertising field before. c. Mary already (finish) ……. the letter when I entered her office. d. You (see) ……. our new commercials? They are fantastic! e. They were discussing the new project when the door (open) ……. and John (enter) ……. the room. f. They (not have) ……. a holiday for six years. g. She thanked me for the information I (give) ……. her. h. They (prepare) ……. the new programme at present. i. He just (decide) ……. that he (undertake) ……. the job. j. You look awfully tired! What you (do) ……. ? k. I never (read) ……. an article that (interest) ……. me so much as the one I (read) ……. now. l. He refused to admit that he (cause) ……. a lot of trouble.

Απάντηση:

• Χρόνοι: past continuous (a), past perfect (b,c,g,l), present perfect (d,f), simple past (e), present continuous (h), present perfect+future (i), present perfect continuous (j), present perfect/past simple/present continuous (k).

Σύνοψη: a. was going. b. had never worked. c. had already finished. d. Have you seen. e. opened ... entered. f. haven't had. g. had given. h. are preparing. i. has just decided ... will undertake. j. have you been doing. k. have never read ... interested ... am reading. l. had caused.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Αναφορικές αντωνυμίες (a-l)

Ερώτηση: Choose the most suitable word in each sentence. a. The person whom / who / which was dealing with the correspondence has moved to another branch. b. The advice which / whom / whose we were given proved to be extremely valuable. c. The sales manager whose / that / who was recently hired is very skilful. d. The director, which / whom / whose we all liked, retired last week. e. Advertising, who / that / which is a very powerful tool of promoting products, can become very harmful. f. This is the computer programme whose / that / who I told you about. g. Your views, who / that / which seemed similar to mine at first, are completely contradictory. h. The reporter who / that / whose article has become famous is now in prison. i. Commercials who / that / whom are boring and meaningless can destroy the whole commercial break. j. The company whose / who / which sales highly increased two years ago has just gone bankrupt. k. Their campaign, which / who / whom caused a negative reaction of the public, was finally stopped. l. That's the girl who / that / whose brother is a famous TV broadcaster.

Απάντηση:

• Επιλογή αναφορικής αντωνυμίας βάσει: πρόσωπο/πράγμα, περιοριστική/μη περιοριστική πρόταση (κόμματα), κτήση (whose).

Σύνοψη: a. who. b. which. c. who (ή that). d. whom. e. which. f. that. g. which. h. whose. i. that. j. whose. k. which. l. whose.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Προθέσεις/φράσεις (a-l)

Ερώτηση: Choose the most suitable preposition or phrase. a. Tom and Mary met in my office completely by surprise / by chance. b. They are looking for / in a well-organised escorted tour. c. It is important to get under / get across to the people the truth about the power of / on advertising. d. How can Peter and George become partners? They have nothing in common / in general. e. They should be here soon. They are in the way / on the way. f. Marketers should have a greater respect at / for customers' preferences. g. He insisted for / on the correlation between the two cases. h. She has to answer for / answer back many difficulties caused in the company. i. Do nothing, until you have sorted away / sorted out what you want to achieve. j. A good book is preferable at / to a dull film. k. Mr Smith is away on business / in business. l. Your account over / of events corresponds about / with mine.

Απάντηση:

• Πάγιες φράσεις: by chance, look for, get across to, power of, in common, on the way, respect for, insist on, answer for, sort out, preferable to, away on business, account of, correspond with.

Σύνοψη: a. by chance. b. looking for. c. get across; power of. d. in common. e. on the way. f. for. g. on. h. answer for. i. sorted out. j. to. k. on business. l. account of ... corresponds with.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Complete words (a-t)

Ερώτηση: Complete the following words: a. b……: leaflet. b. a……: that can be used or obtained. c. a……: room(s) for living in. d. d……: going away. e. r……: booking. f. p……: taking part or becoming involved in an activity. g. v……: legally usable or acceptable. h. r……: making the price smaller. i. r……: paying back received money. j. r……: rules or restrictions set by an authority. k. e……: incorrect; mistaken. l. s……: importance. m. b……: a particular make of goods or their trade mark. n. b……: send out radio or television programmes. o. e……: give somebody the right or the authority to do something. p. i……: strong impression or effect on somebody or something. q. g……: complaint. r. c……: series of planned activities with a particular commercial aim. s. c……: give somebody a piece of work to do. t. i……: motive; financial encouragement.

Απάντηση:

• Κάθε ορισμός αντιστοιχεί σε λέξη-κλειδί λεξιλογίου του Unit 5 (ταξίδι, διαφήμιση, εμπόριο).

Σύνοψη: a. brochure. b. available. c. accommodation. d. departure. e. reservation. f. participation. g. valid. h. reduction. i. refund. j. regulation(s). k. erroneous. l. significance. m. brand. n. broadcast. o. entitle. p. impact/impression. q. grumble. r. campaign. s. commission. t. incentive.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

flight/drive/ride/tour ×2 (a-h)

Ερώτηση: Use each one of the words 'flight, drive, ride, tour' twice to complete the following sentences: a. The ……. has been cancelled because of fog. b. The orchestra is currently on ……. in Italy. c. "Would you like a ……. on my motorbike?" He asked me. d. They have gone on a guided ……. of the district. e. As there was another ……. in half an hour, I didn't have to wait at the airport for long. f. He said he could ……. a car. g. He used to ……. a Jaguar two years ago. h. She would like to have a ……. on a horse.

Απάντηση:

• Κάθε λέξη χρησιμοποιείται ακριβώς δύο φορές: flight (a,e), tour (b,d), drive (f,g), ride (c,h).

Σύνοψη: a. flight. b. tour. c. ride. d. tour. e. flight. f. drive. g. drive. h. ride.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

may/should/must/will (a-l)

Ερώτηση: Which of the words 'may, should, must, will' best complete the following sentences? a. If I see George, I ……. give him your message. b. You had better take an umbrella, because it ……. rain. c. ……. anyone phone, tell them I am busy. d. You have been working the whole day. You ……. be exhausted. e. If he is the owner of the company, he ……. be very rich. f. Visitors ……. leave the museum before 4 p.m. g. I think you ……. try harder, if you want to get the job. h. ……. you help me with my luggage, please? i. How long ……. the tour take? j. ……. I suggest another time for the meeting? k. I'm not sure but I ……. have forgotten my keys in the office. l. We ……. have bought a new lock for the front door.

Απάντηση:

• may=πιθανότητα, must=υποχρέωση/λογικό συμπέρασμα, should=συμβουλή/should have=μεταμέλεια, will=μέλλον/ευγενικό αίτημα.

Σύνοψη: a. will. b. may. c. Should. d. must. e. must. f. must. g. should. h. Will. i. will. j. May. k. may. l. should.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Αντώνυμα με δοσμένο αρχικό γράμμα (a-t)

Ερώτηση: Complete the words in column A to form the antonyms of the words in column B. a. p…: private. b. p…: compulsory. c. d…: arrive. d. e…: contract; shorten. e. i…: exclude. f. s…: loose. g. v…: unimportant. h. d…: be against. i. e…: tiny. j. e…: good. k. u…: fairly. l. g…: cheerful. m. b…: exciting. n. a…: forbid. o. p…: loss. p. s…: objectively. q. p…: weak. r. s…: failure. s. c…: inability. t. m…: proud.

Απάντηση:

• Κάθε λέξη-αντώνυμο ξεκινά με το δοσμένο γράμμα.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a. public. b. permissive. c. depart. d. expand. e. include. f. secure. g. vital. h. defend. i. enormous. j. evil. k. unfairly. l. gloomy. m. boring. n. allow. o. profit. p. subjectively. q. powerful. r. success. s. capability. t. modest.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Οι απαντήσεις β (permissive), στ (secure) και η (defend) είναι ενδεικτικές — το πρωτότυπο βιβλίο μπορεί να δέχεται ελαφρώς διαφορετικό ισοδύναμο αντώνυμο με το ίδιο αρχικό γράμμα.

Πίνακας ρήμα/ουσιαστικό/επίθετο (15 σειρές)

Ερώτηση: Complete the table below (Verb — Noun — Adjective) for: challenge, beautify, wonder, collect, decide, differ, enjoy, rely, dominate, destroy, admit, restrict, corrupt, object, contribute.

Απάντηση:

• Κάθε ρήμα σχηματίζει το αντίστοιχο ουσιαστικό (συχνά με -ion/-ment/-ance) και επίθετο (συχνά με -ive/-ful/-able).

Σύνοψη: challenge — challenge — challenging. beautify — beauty — beautiful. wonder — wonder — wonderful. collect — collection — collective. decide — decision — decisive. differ — difference — different. enjoy — enjoyment — enjoyable. rely — reliance — reliable. dominate — domination — dominant. destroy — destruction — destructive. admit — admission — admissible. restrict — restriction — restrictive. corrupt — corruption — corrupt. object — objection — objectionable. contribute — contribution — contributory.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Επιλογή καταλληλότερης λέξης/φράσης (a-o)

Ερώτηση: Choose the most suitable word/s underlined. a. They are looking for a well-organised/well prepared escorted tour. b. She has asked different travel agencies for their brochures to get some advice/information about their Greek tours. c. You have to take into consideration the participation reservations/participation regulations indicated in the brochure. d. She won't be long. She's just packing her last luggage/suitcase. e. You have to check in/check up an hour before the plane leaves. f. The morning flight to Corfu was cancelled/delayed for two hours because of thick fog. g. The plane from Rome has just grounded/landed. h. I hope that you will enjoy your flying/flight. i. A sign above the seats in the plane says "Fasten your lifebelt/seat belt". j. All duty free goods must be declared/surrendered at the customs. k. They bought two simple/single tickets, as they were going to return by car. l. The plane took off/took up and was soon high over the city. m. Airline companies do not accept any liability in any way with respect to rate standads/price standards. n. Unused services are refundable/returnable at the issuing office only. o. Most hotels grant 50% restriction/reduction for children up to 5 years of age.

Απάντηση:

• Λεξιλόγιο ταξιδιού/αεροπορίας — επιλογή της σωστής/φυσικής συλλογικής έκφρασης.

Σύνοψη: a. well-organised. b. information. c. participation regulations. d. suitcase. e. check in. f. delayed. g. landed. h. flight. i. seat belt. j. declared. k. single. l. took off. m. rate standards. n. refundable. o. reduction.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Προθήματα (a-o)

Ερώτηση: Match the following prefixes with the correct form of the words in capitals at the end of each sentence and fill in the blanks (semi-, dis-, in-/im-/ir-, mis-, ex-, non-, over-, sub-, under-, un-). a. Joan ……. the responsibility for the changes in the office decoration. TAKE b. Don't let his friendly words ……. you into trusting him. LEAD c. Teachers must not be ……. with slow learners. PATIENT d. He accused the board of directors of ……. the shareholders about the budget. INFORM e. They sat around the director's desk in a ……. . CIRCLE f. There is a ……. beneath the main title of the book. TITLE g. An ……. person should not be a chairman. EFFECTIVE h. Jimmy Carter is one of the ……. of the U.S.A. PRESIDENT i. She may forget to post the envelope. She is an ……. person. RELIABLE j. The employer expressed his ……. that she arrived late. SATISFY k. I have been rather ……. it lately; I need a holiday. DO I. They ……. her abilities. Actually she is a very good clerk. ESTIMATE m. The business turned out to be ……. and soon closed down. PROFITMAKING n. They cannot trust Paul. His behaviour is ……. . RESPONSIBLE o. What is the rate of ……. between the dollar and the pound? CHANGE

Απάντηση:

• Κάθε πρόθημα ταιριάζει με τη σημασία της πρότασης (under-=υπερβολικά λίγο, mis-=λάθος, im-/ir-=άρνηση, dis-=άρνηση, semi-=μισός, sub-=κάτω από, ex-=πρώην, un-=άρνηση, over-=υπερβολικά πολύ, non-=όχι).

Σύνοψη: a. undertook. b. mislead. c. impatient. d. misinforming. e. semicircle. f. subtitle. g. ineffective. h. ex-presidents. i. unreliable. j. dissatisfaction. k. overdoing. l. underestimated. m. non-profitmaking. n. irresponsible. o. exchange.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Crossword: δύο κρυμμένες λέξεις σε κεντρική στήλη (15 ενδείξεις)

Ερώτηση: Solve the puzzle and find the two hidden words in the central vertical column. 1. aim or intention. 2. a plan of how to spend money. 3. customary behaviour. 4. to handle or control. 5. that can be trusted. 6. booklet. 7. a person who does business for another. 8. something that explains, answers, or helps you to understand. 9. fellow workers, esp. in a profession. 10. a class of goods which is the product of a particular firm or producer. 11. (a sum of) money used for starting a business. 12. the newspapers, television and radio. 13. the act of trying. 14. (a) repayment. 15. a spoken or written piece of information passed from one person to another.

Απάντηση:

• Κάθε ένδειξη αντιστοιχεί σε μία λέξη λεξιλογίου του βιβλίου (μάρκετινγκ/επιχειρήσεις). Το ακριβές πλέγμα (crossword grid) και οι δύο κρυμμένες λέξεις στην κεντρική στήλη δεν αποδίδονται από την εξαγωγή απλού κειμένου (fusion φαινόμενο σε grid, βλ. NEXT_BOOK.md §3θ) — οι λέξεις-απαντήσεις όμως προκύπτουν με βεβαιότητα από τις ίδιες τις ενδείξεις.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) 1. purpose. 2. budget. 3. habit. 4. handle. 5. reliable. 6. brochure. 7. agent. 8. clue/key. 9. colleagues. 10. brand. 11. capital. 12. media. 13. attempt. 14. refund. 15. message.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Το ακριβές πλέγμα και οι δύο κρυμμένες λέξεις της κεντρικής στήλης χρειάζονται οπτική επιβεβαίωση στο PDF· οι μεμονωμένες λέξεις-απαντήσεις είναι σίγουρες από τις ενδείξεις.

Rewrite σε πλάγιο λόγο (a-j)

Ερώτηση: Rewrite the sentences using the prompts given. a. Do you think advertisements affect the sales of a product? → He wanted to know if... b. We want to enjoy our vacation from the first to the last minute. → Peter said (that)... c. We visited the best places in Greece. → Jane told me (that)... d. Jane has looked through different programmes. → John mentioned that... e. You are the most suitable person to do this work. → He told her (that)... f. Write your full name, please. → The hotel owner asked her politely... g. Could you please arrange that for me? → She asked me politely if... h. What would you suggest? → He wanted to know what... i. Don't write anything more in your CV. → The clerk advised me... j. We will consider the matter tomorrow. → The director announced that...

Απάντηση:

• Πλάγιος λόγος: μετατόπιση χρόνων/αντωνυμιών/χρονικών προσδιορισμών (this→that, tomorrow→the following day) ανάλογα με τον τύπο πρότασης (ερώτηση/δήλωση/προσταγή).

Σύνοψη: a. He wanted to know if advertisements affected the sales of a product. b. Peter said (that) they wanted to enjoy their vacation from the first to the last minute. c. Jane told me (that) they had visited the best places in Greece. d. John mentioned that Jane had looked through different programmes. e. He told her (that) she was the most suitable person to do that work. f. The hotel owner asked her politely to write her full name. g. She asked me politely if I could arrange that for her. h. He wanted to know what he/she would suggest. i. The clerk advised me not to write anything more in my CV. j. The director announced that they would consider the matter the following day.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης: