Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 67: The Creative Urge (σελ. 329-332) – ENGLISH FOR OFFICE CLERKS Β ΕΠΑΛ

Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 67: The Creative Urge

Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 8 ερωτήσεων κατανόησης (A. Questions) και των 5 κλειστών ασκήσεων λεξιλογίου/γραμματικής (B. Exercises) της ενότητας (σελ. 330-331). Η άσκηση B.3 (μέρος του λόγου λέξεων με έντονη γραφή) σημειώνεται θελει_PDF=true — χρειάζεται οπτική επιβεβαίωση της ακριβούς λίστας boldfaced λέξεων στο τυπωμένο βιβλίο.

Ερώτηση 1 (σελ. 330)

Ερώτηση: What kind of departments are there in big companies?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 329): «The interviewer asked him what department he wanted to join; marketing, finance, production, exploration or something else?»

Σύνοψη: There are departments such as marketing, finance, production, exploration or other departments.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Απαρίθμησε τα τέσσερα τμήματα του κειμένου.

Ερώτηση 2 (σελ. 330)

Ερώτηση: How would the graduate have felt if he had joined the big company mentioned in the text? Why?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 329): «we may assume that even if he had joined that company, he would have been both unhappy and unsuccessful. It's almost certain that he wouldn't have any initiative.»

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) He would have been both unhappy and unsuccessful, because it's almost certain that he wouldn't have had any initiative (he wanted to be a general "businessman", not a narrow specialist).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Χρησιμοποίησε τον 3ο τύπο υποθετικού λόγου (would have been) και ανέφερε τον λόγο (initiative).

Ερώτηση 3 (σελ. 330)

Ερώτηση: Who do big companies tend to be staffed with?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 329): «big companies tend to be staffed with specialists.»

Σύνοψη: Big companies tend to be staffed with specialists.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Η απάντηση βρίσκεται αυτολεξεί στο κείμενο.

Ερώτηση 4 (σελ. 330)

Ερώτηση: How must the business be organised?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 329): «The business must be organised to allow the new ventures to thrive and the newcomers to work creatively.»

Σύνοψη: The business must be organised to allow new ventures to thrive and newcomers to work creatively.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Η απάντηση βρίσκεται σχεδόν αυτολεξεί στο κείμενο.

Ερώτηση 5 (σελ. 330)

Ερώτηση: According to what must management rewards and plans be developed?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 329): «Management rewards and plans must be developed according to the new venture (and must not be an extension of the existing practice).»

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) They must be developed according to the new venture, not as an extension of the existing practice.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ανέφερε και τη διευκρίνιση της παρένθεσης (όχι επέκταση υπάρχουσας πρακτικής).

Ερώτηση 6 (σελ. 330)

Ερώτηση: Have companies always fully succeeded when trying to do something like that?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 330): «Many companies, of course, have tried to do something like that with varying degrees of success.»

Σύνοψη: No, they haven't. Many companies have tried this with varying degrees of success, not always full success.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ξεκίνα με No, they haven't.

Ερώτηση 7 (σελ. 330)

Ερώτηση: Is it easy to separate the new ventures from the parent company's smothering embrace?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 330): «It's never quite easy to separate the new ventures from the parent company's smothering embrace.»

Σύνοψη: No, it isn't. It's never quite easy to separate the new ventures from the parent company's smothering embrace.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ξεκίνα με No, it isn't.

Ερώτηση 8 (σελ. 330)

Ερώτηση: What do new growth markets and jobs deserve?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 330): «All the new growth markets and jobs deserve more consistent and energetic efforts to be developed.»

Σύνοψη: They deserve more consistent and energetic efforts to be developed.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Η απάντηση βρίσκεται αυτολεξεί στο κείμενο.

Άσκηση 1 (σελ. 330)

Ερώτηση: Find the words in the text which mean the following: a. the people employed by a company b. producing new and original ideas c. the ability to make decisions and act without help d. permit e. different f. the act against reason or common sense g. to be worth of h. cause to grow, increase

Απάντηση:

• a. staff
• b. creative
• c. initiative
• d. allow
• e. varying
• f. absurdity
• g. deserve
• h. develop

Σύνοψη: a. staff, b. creative, c. initiative, d. allow, e. varying, f. absurdity, g. deserve, h. develop.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Κάθε ορισμός αντιστοιχεί σε ΜΙΑ λέξη αυτολεξεί από το κείμενο.

Άσκηση 2 (σελ. 330)

Ερώτηση: Say whether these statements are true or false. a. The graduate wanted to join the finance department of the company. b. If he had joined the company, he would have been happy. c. The business must be organised to allow newcomers to work creatively. d. Management rewards and plans must be developed according to the new venture. e. It's always easy to separate the new ventures from the parent company's smothering embrace.

Απάντηση:

• a. False — he said "I want to be a businessman", he did not name a specific department.
• b. False — the text says he would have been both unhappy and unsuccessful.
• c. True — this is stated directly in the text.
• d. True — this is stated directly in the text.
• e. False — the text says it's never quite easy.

Σύνοψη: a. False, b. False, c. True, d. True, e. False.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Σύγκρινε προσεκτικά κάθε πρόταση με το ακριβές νόημα του κειμένου (π.χ. never/always).

Άσκηση 3 (σελ. 331)

Ερώτηση: Identify which of the boldfaced words is a verb, noun, adjective, or adverb. Use any three of them in sentences of your own so that their meaning is clear. The business must be organised to allow the new ventures to thrive and the newcomers to work creatively. Management rewards and plans must be developed according to the new venture (and must not be an extension of the existing practice). Therefore, it is right to point to the absurdity of leaving innovation to chance of the creative urge. All the new growth markets and jobs deserve more consistent and energetic efforts to be developed.

Απάντηση:

• Ρήματα (verbs): allow, thrive, deserve, (to) be developed
• Ουσιαστικά (nouns): ventures, newcomers, extension, absurdity, innovation, chance, urge, markets, jobs, efforts
• Επίθετα (adjectives): creative, new, energetic
• Επίρρημα (adverb): creatively
• Ενδεικτικές προτάσεις: 'The manager did not allow us to leave early.' (verb) / 'Innovation is the key to the success of a new product.' (noun) / 'She always works creatively.' (adverb)

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Verbs: allow, thrive, deserve, be developed. Nouns: ventures, newcomers, extension, absurdity, innovation, chance, urge, markets, jobs, efforts. Adjectives: creative, new, energetic. Adverb: creatively.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Το creative (επίθετο) και το creatively (επίρρημα) ξεχωρίζουν από την κατάληξη -ly.
• Το be developed είναι ρήμα σε παθητική φωνή (απαρέμφατο).
• Οι τρεις προτάσεις είναι ελεύθερη παραγωγή — δεκτή κάθε σωστή χρήση της λέξης.

Άσκηση 4 (σελ. 331)

Ερώτηση: Match the following: a. manager b. graduate c. interviewer d. businessman e. specialist f. entrepreneur g. venturer h. newcomer — with: 1. a person in business, esp. as a director of a business firm 2. a person who makes the plans of a business 3. someone who controls a company or a department of a company 4. one who has recently come (or has begun coming) 5. a person who takes great risk 6. someone who asks questions (of sb.) in an interview 7. a person who has completed a University degree course, esp. for a first degree 8. (an) expert

Απάντηση:

• a-3 (manager = controls a company/department)
• b-7 (graduate = completed a University degree)
• c-6 (interviewer = asks questions in an interview)
• d-1 (businessman = person in business/director)
• e-8 (specialist = expert)
• f-2 (entrepreneur = makes the plans of a business)
• g-5 (venturer = takes great risk — from 'venture')
• h-4 (newcomer = one who has recently come)

Σύνοψη: a-3, b-7, c-6, d-1, e-8, f-2, g-5, h-4.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Χρησιμοποίησε κάθε αριθμό μία μόνο φορά.
• Η ρίζα της κάθε λέξης βοηθά: venture→venturer (ρίσκο), enter+prendre→entrepreneur (σχεδιασμός/ανάληψη επιχείρησης).

Άσκηση 5 (σελ. 331)

Ερώτηση: Complete the following blanks (Verb → Noun): graduate, apply, interview, join, produce, explore, think, relate, assume, tend, innovate, create, organize, venture, develop, extend, practise, try, separate, embrace, grow.

Απάντηση:

• graduate → graduation
• apply → application
• interview → interview (ίδια μορφή)
• join → joining
• produce → production
• explore → exploration
• think → thought
• relate → relation/relationship
• assume → assumption
• tend → tendency
• innovate → innovation
• create → creation
• organize → organization
• venture → venture (ίδια μορφή)
• develop → development
• extend → extension
• practise → practice
• try → trial/try
• separate → separation
• embrace → embrace (ίδια μορφή)
• grow → growth

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) graduation, application, interview, joining, production, exploration, thought, relation, assumption, tendency, innovation, creation, organization, venture, development, extension, practice, trial, separation, embrace, growth.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Τα interview, venture, embrace έχουν την ΙΔΙΑ μορφή ως ρήμα και ουσιαστικό.
• Ενδεικτική απάντηση — δεκτή και εναλλακτική μορφή (π.χ. relationship αντί relation).