Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 15 φιλτραρισμένων ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 200-203): 10 ερωτήσεις κατανόησης (A. Questions) + 5 κλειστές ασκήσεις λεξιλογίου/γραμματικής (Β. Exercises).

Ο ορισμός του customs tariff

Ερώτηση: What is the customs tariff?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 200): «Governments issue a customs tariff which is an official printed table showing the rate of the customs duty that is to be paid on goods imported into their country».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) It is an official printed table, issued by governments, showing the rate of the customs duty to be paid on goods imported into the country.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Οι φόροι σε εισαγωγές/εξαγωγές

Ερώτηση: How do we call the taxes on imported or exported commodities?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 200): «The taxes on imports as well as on exports of commodities are called customs duties».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Customs duties.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Τι περιλαμβάνει ο εκτελωνισμός

Ερώτηση: What does a customs clearance include?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 200): «All the formalities which are necessary to be presented to the Customs officers, before they allow goods to be cleared, are known as customs clearance».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) All the formalities that must be presented to the Customs officers before they allow the goods to be cleared.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Με ποια μέσα γίνεται η customs entry

Ερώτηση: By which means is the act of customs entry done?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 200): «This is done by means of the bill of entry or the customs declaration».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) By means of the bill of entry or the customs declaration.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Το bill of entry

Ερώτηση: What is the bill of entry?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 200): «It's a statement made - by an importer or exporter - to the Customs, listing and giving detailed description of the goods on which duty will have to be paid».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) It is a statement made by an importer or exporter to the Customs, listing and giving a detailed description of the goods on which duty will have to be paid.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Γιατί επιβάλλονται import duties

Ερώτηση: Why are import duties imposed by governments?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 200): «for the purpose of raising money or protecting industry against foreign competition. Another target of the restoration of this kind of duty is to reduce imports and to help balance of payment to be corrected».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) To raise money, to protect home industry against foreign competition, to reduce imports, and to help correct the balance of payment.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Γιατί επιβάλλονται import quotas

Ερώτηση: Why are import quotas placed by governments?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 200-201): «so that only a fixed quantity of a commodity can be imported into a country in a certain period... there is a limit to the amount of foreign exchange that is going to leave the country. There is also a protection of home industry and a strengthened possibility of bargaining with a foreign country».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) So that only a fixed quantity of a commodity can be imported in a certain period, limiting foreign exchange leaving the country, protecting home industry, and strengthening the possibility of bargaining with a foreign country.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Το negotiable instrument για εισαγωγέα-εξαγωγέα

Ερώτηση: What is a negotiable instrument for a trader, if he is both an importer and an exporter?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 201): «If a trader is both an importer and an exporter, the customs debenture is a negotiable instrument for him».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) The customs debenture.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Η δουλειά του Customs broker

Ερώτηση: What is a Customs broker's job?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 201): «a Customs-broker or a clearing agent... is specially skilled in completing the formalities needed to clear imported or exported goods through Customs. Customs-brokers are usually paid by commission and they can overcome any difficulties... because they are well-aware of the Customs legislation».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) To complete the formalities needed to clear imported or exported goods through Customs, being paid by commission and using their knowledge of Customs legislation to overcome difficulties.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Τελωνειακή ένωση

Ερώτηση: Are customs formalities needed when the import or export country belongs to a Customs Union?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 201): «all the above-mentioned customs formalities are needed only when the import or export country does not belong to a customs union. This is a union of a number of countries which form a single customs area within which there are no customs duties or other limiting controls on trade between the member countries».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) No, they are not — customs formalities are needed only when the country does not belong to a customs union; within a customs union there are no customs duties or other limiting controls between member countries.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Ρήμα ↔ ουσιαστικό

Ερώτηση: Fill in the blanks. Verb / Noun pairs: … / government, import / …, … / collection, allow / …, … / clearance, … / protection, … / competition, … / restoration, pay / …, limit / …, strengthen / …, entangle / …, legislate / … .

Απάντηση:

Κάθε ζεύγος συμπληρώνεται με το ρήμα ή το ουσιαστικό που λείπει (σελ. 200-201).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) govern/government · import/import(ation) · collect/collection · allow/allowance · clear/clearance · protect/protection · compete/competition · restore/restoration · pay/payment · limit/limit(ation) · strengthen/strength · entangle/entanglement · legislate/legislation.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Find who the person is

Ερώτηση: Find who the person is. e.g. He exports commodities. → exporter. a. He deals with trade. b. He imports goods. c. He holds an important position in the Customs House. d. He clears imported or exported goods through Customs. e. He belongs to a group. f. He comes from Europe.

Απάντηση:

Κάθε πρόταση περιγράφει ένα πρόσωπο· δίνεται το αντίστοιχο ουσιαστικό-πρόσωπο.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a. trader. b. importer. c. Customs officer. d. Customs broker (clearing agent). e. member. f. European.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Infinitive / -ing form

Ερώτηση: Fill in the blanks with the infinitive or the -ing form of the verbs in brackets. a. The act of … (enter) and … (record) with the Customs the import or the export of a consignment of goods is what we call “customs entry”. b. Another target of the restoration of this kind of duty is to … (reduce) imports and … (help) balance of payment to be corrected. c. There will be a limit of the amount of foreign exchange that is going to … (leave) the country. d. Export duties are duties on goods that are to … (import). e. They are obliged … (act) strictly under law. f. They are at the risk of … (be) sued by the state authorities.

Απάντηση:

Το ρήμα σε παρένθεση μετατρέπεται σε -ing form (μετά από «act of») ή σε to-infinitive (μετά από «target is to», «obliged», «at the risk of»).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a. entering / recording. b. reduce / help. c. leave. d. be exported (βλ. σημείωση). e. to act. f. being (sued).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Άσκηση 3d: το τυπωμένο ρήμα στην παρένθεση είναι «(import)», αλλά η πρόταση μιλάει για «Export duties» και το ίδιο το σώμα του κειμένου (σελ. 200) λέει ρητά «Export duties are duties on goods that are to be exported» — πρόκειται πιθανότατα για τυπογραφικό λάθος του βιβλίου (αναμενόμενο ρήμα «export», όχι «import»). Δόθηκε η ορθή/αναμενόμενη μορφή «to be exported», βάσει του ίδιου του σώματος του κειμένου.

who / whose / whom / which / of which

Ερώτηση: Fill in the gaps using: who, whose, whom, which, of which. a. It's an official printed table showing the rate of the customs duty … is to be paid. b. He is the person … all the formalities … are necessary must be presented to. c. He is the person … task is to allow goods to be cleared. d. The Customs broker, … you have to hire, will complete the formalities needed to clear the imported goods. e. The imported goods, the clearance … will take place tomorrow, are given detailed description in this statement. f. The customs debenture, … is a negotiable instrument for traders, is given by the Customs to exporters … have the right to claim back duties paid on goods that were earlier imported under drawback.

Απάντηση:

Επιλογή αναφορικής αντωνυμίας ανάλογα με το αν αναφέρεται σε πράγμα (which), πρόσωπο ως υποκείμενο (who), κτητικό (whose) ή αντικείμενο πρόθεσης (whom, of which).

Σύνοψη: a. which. b. to whom / which. c. whose. d. whom. e. of which. f. which / who.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Matching φράσεων a-f

Ερώτηση: Match the following so as to give meaningful phrases. a. customs, b. bill of, c. import, d. clearing, e. home, f. european — with: 1. duties, 2. tariff, 3. countries, 4. entry, 5. industry, 6. agent.

Απάντηση:

Κάθε λέξη συνδυάζεται με τη σωστή δεύτερη λέξη ώστε να σχηματιστεί υπαρκτή εμπορική/τελωνειακή φράση.

Σύνοψη: a-2 (customs tariff) · b-4 (bill of entry) · c-1 (import duties) · d-6 (clearing agent) · e-5 (home industry) · f-3 (european countries).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

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