Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 10: Adapting to the New Environment (σελ. 49) – ENGLISH FOR OFFICE CLERKS Β ΕΠΑΛ

Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 10: Adapting to the New Environment

Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 12 φιλτραρισμένων ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 49-52): 7 ερωτήσεις κατανόησης (A. Questions) + 5 κλειστές ασκήσεις λεξιλογίου/γραμματικής (B. Exercises)· η άσκηση 1 απαιτεί οπτική επαλήθευση εικόνων (thelei_pdf).

Ερώτηση 1 (σελ. 49)

Ερώτηση: Did Maria arrive at her office on time or in time?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 49): «On the first of November, Maria arrived at her office earlier than 9.00 a.m.».

Σύνοψη: She arrived in time — earlier than 9.00 a.m.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• «in time» = έγκαιρα, πριν από την ορισμένη ώρα· «on time» = ακριβώς στην ώρα.

Ερώτηση 2 (σελ. 49)

Ερώτηση: Name five objects that were on her manager's desk.

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 49): «two telephones, an inter-com, an in-tray for incoming letters and an out-tray for letters to go to the post... some pencils, an ashtray, pens, fountain pens, a ruler, a stapler, a punch, some stamps, a small box of paper-clips, elastic bands and three or four files».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) π.χ. two telephones, an inter-com, an in-tray, an out-tray, a stapler (αποδεκτά και άλλα 5 από τη λίστα του κειμένου).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Αρκούν πέντε οποιαδήποτε αντικείμενα από τη λίστα του κειμένου.

Ερώτηση 3 (σελ. 49)

Ερώτηση: What is a typewriter used for?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 49): η γραφομηχανή βρίσκεται στο γραφείο της γραμματέως, μαζί με το dictaphone, για να δακτυλογραφούνται οι απαντήσεις που υπαγόρευε ο διευθυντής («could be played back later and typed by his secretary»).

Σύνοψη: It is used for typing letters (the secretary types the manager's dictated answers).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Η γραφομηχανή χρησιμοποιείται για δακτυλογράφηση (typing).

Ερώτηση 4 (σελ. 49)

Ερώτηση: Why is a dictating machine an important device?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 49): «into which Mr Yianniotis would speak the answers to the letters. In this way, they would be recorded and could be played back later and typed by his secretary».

Σύνοψη: Because it records the manager's spoken answers to letters, so they can be played back later and typed by the secretary.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Απάντησε με Because + την περιγραφή της λειτουργίας του από το κείμενο.

Ερώτηση 5 (σελ. 49)

Ερώτηση: What was placed by the side of the typewriter?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 49): «By the side of the typewriter there was a tray with stationery, such as writing pads, sheets with the EX-EN Ltd. letter-heading, continuation sheets...».

Σύνοψη: A tray with stationery (writing pads, letter-heading sheets, continuation sheets, copy/carbon papers, envelopes, memo note-papers, correcting fluid).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Η λέξη-κλειδί είναι 'stationery' (χαρτικά).

Ερώτηση 6 (σελ. 49)

Ερώτηση: Give two examples of stationery material.

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 49): «writing pads, sheets with the EX-EN Ltd. letter-heading, continuation sheets..., copy papers, carbon papers, envelopes... window envelopes, memo note-papers, and a bottle of correcting fluid».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) π.χ. writing pads and carbon papers (αποδεκτά και άλλα δύο από τη λίστα).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Αρκούν δύο οποιαδήποτε είδη από τη λίστα του κειμένου.

Ερώτηση 7 (σελ. 49)

Ερώτηση: Who did Mr Yianniotis want to introduce Maria to?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 49): «Let me show you round the departments to introduce you to your colleagues».

Σύνοψη: To her new colleagues, in the different departments of the company.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Απάντησε με To + το αντικείμενο του introduce (colleagues).

Άσκηση 1 (σελ. 50)

Ερώτηση: Do you know the name of the following items?

Απάντηση:

• Η άσκηση βασίζεται σε 12 σχέδια αντικειμένων γραφείου (σελ. 50):
• 1. paper clip · 2. pencil-sharpener · 3. stapler · 4. files · 5. ruler · 6. punch
• 7. elastic bands · 8. filing cabinet · 9. in-tray / out-tray · 10. glue · 11. envelopes · 12. window envelope
• Τα περισσότερα ονόματα υπάρχουν στο κείμενο (σελ. 49) και στην Άσκηση 2.

Σύνοψη: 1. a paper clip · 2. a pencil-sharpener · 3. a stapler · 4. a file · 5. a ruler · 6. a (hole) punch · 7. elastic bands · 8. a filing cabinet · 9. an in-tray/out-tray · 10. glue · 11. envelopes · 12. a window envelope.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Το 12 είναι φάκελος με διαφανές παράθυρο (window envelope), όχι απλός φάκελος.
• Στο 9 φαίνονται οι ενδείξεις IN και OUT: in-tray και out-tray.

Άσκηση 2 (σελ. 51)

Ερώτηση: Match the following 14 items with their definition: 1. Glue 2. Ruler 3. Carbon paper 4. Punch 5. Writing pad 6. Filing cabinet 7. Stapler 8. Paper clip 9. Correcting fluid 10. Pencil-sharpener 11. Scissors 12. Envelopes 13. Inter-com 14. Memorandum — a. A small piece of curved wire used for holding sheets of paper together. b. A metal fastening tool for joining pieces of paper together. c. A chemical product used for joining things together. d. A long narrow flat piece of wood, plastic or metal marked with inches or centimetres and used for measuring or drawing straight lines. e. Internal telephone system of the office providing connections between all different departments. f. Two sharp blades with handles, fastened at the centre, so that they open in the shape of the letter “X” and cut things when closed. g. A sheet of thin paper used between sheets of writing to make copies. h. A note of something to be remembered. i. A chemical product used for covering undesirable written material. j. A number of sheets of paper fastened together, used for writing letters. k. A metal tool for cutting holes. I. A piece of office furniture with drawers and shelves for storing files. m. A small metal tool used for sharpening pencils. n. Flat paper containers for letters.

Απάντηση:

• 1-c Glue: chemical product for joining things
• 2-d Ruler: long narrow flat piece... for measuring
• 3-g Carbon paper: thin sheet to make copies
• 4-k Punch: metal tool for cutting holes
• 5-j Writing pad: sheets fastened together for writing
• 6-l Filing cabinet: furniture for storing files
• 7-b Stapler: metal fastening tool
• 8-a Paper clip: small piece of curved wire
• 9-i Correcting fluid: covers undesirable written material
• 10-m Pencil-sharpener: tool for sharpening pencils
• 11-f Scissors: two sharp blades in the shape of an X
• 12-n Envelopes: flat paper containers for letters
• 13-e Inter-com: internal telephone system
• 14-h Memorandum: a note of something to be remembered

Σύνοψη: 1-c (Glue) · 2-d (Ruler) · 3-g (Carbon paper) · 4-k (Punch) · 5-j (Writing pad) · 6-l (Filing cabinet) · 7-b (Stapler) · 8-a (Paper clip) · 9-i (Correcting fluid) · 10-m (Pencil-sharpener) · 11-f (Scissors) · 12-n (Envelopes) · 13-e (Inter-com) · 14-h (Memorandum).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Το «I.» της δεξιάς στήλης είναι το γράμμα l (μικρό L).
• Διάκρινε: stapler (ενώνει χαρτιά) ≠ punch (ανοίγει τρύπες)· glue ≠ correcting fluid.

Άσκηση 3 (σελ. 51)

Ερώτηση: Give the correct tense of the verbs in brackets: a. Maria (arrive) at 9.00 a.m. yesterday. b. While she (look) round the room Mr. Yianniotis (come) in. c. The sales manager (leave) Paris last week. d. The typist (not finish) the letter yet. e. His secretary already (record) the text when he (call) her yesterday. f. George (give) an interview at present.

Απάντηση:

• a. yesterday → Past Simple: «Maria arrived at 9.00 a.m. yesterday.»
• b. Ενέργεια σε εξέλιξη (Past Continuous) που διακόπτεται (Past Simple): «While she was looking round the room Mr. Yianniotis came in.»
• c. last week → Past Simple: «The sales manager left Paris last week.»
• d. yet → Present Perfect: «The typist hasn't finished the letter yet.»
• e. Προτερόχρονη ενέργεια → Past Perfect + Past Simple: «His secretary had already recorded the text when he called her yesterday.»
• f. at present → Present Continuous: «George is giving an interview at present.»

Σύνοψη: a. arrived. b. was looking / came. c. left. d. hasn't finished. e. had already recorded / called. f. is giving.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Οι χρονικές ενδείξεις (yesterday, while, last week, yet, already... when, at present) καθορίζουν τον χρόνο.
• Στο (e) το already μπαίνει ανάμεσα στο had και τη μετοχή (had already recorded).

Άσκηση 4 (σελ. 51)

Ερώτηση: Fill in the blanks with the right prepositions: a. ... the first ... November, Maria arrived ... her office earlier than usual. b. As she had no work ... do just then, she looked ... the room trying ... adapt herself ... the new environment. c. ... her manager's desk there was an out-tray ... letters ... go ... the post. d. ... a corner ... the room there was the secretary's desk ... a typewriter ... it. e. ... the side ... the typewriter there was a tray ... stationery. f. Later, Mr Yianniotis asked Maria ... show her ... the departments ... introduce her ... her new colleagues.

Απάντηση:

• a. «ON the first OF November, Maria arrived AT her office earlier than usual.»
• b. «As she had no work TO do just then, she looked ROUND the room trying TO adapt herself TO the new environment.»
• c. «ON her manager's desk there was an out-tray FOR letters TO go TO the post.»
• d. «IN a corner OF the room there was the secretary's desk WITH a typewriter ON it.»
• e. «BY the side OF the typewriter there was a tray WITH stationery.»
• f. «Later, Mr Yianniotis asked Maria TO show her ROUND the departments TO introduce her TO her new colleagues.»

Σύνοψη: a. On / of / at · b. to / round / to / to · c. On / for / to / to · d. In / of / with / on · e. By / of / with · f. to / round / to / to.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Οι φράσεις υπάρχουν στο κείμενο (σελ. 49): on the first of November, look round, adapt to, by the side of, show round, introduce to.
• on + ημερομηνία (on the first of November), at + τόπο άφιξης (arrive at the office).

Άσκηση 5 (σελ. 52)

Ερώτηση: Fill in the blanks of the following table: adapt ... / record ... / ... copy / ... post / ... examination / introduce ... / ... dictation / plug ... / correct ... / enter ... .

Απάντηση:

• Ρήμα → ουσιαστικό: adapt → adaptation, record → record/recording, introduce → introduction, plug → plug, correct → correction, enter → entry/entrance
• Ουσιαστικό → ρήμα: copy → copy, post → post, examination → examine, dictation → dictate
• Πίνακας της σελ. 52.

Σύνοψη: adapt/adaptation · record/record(ing) · copy/copy · post/post · examine/examination · introduce/introduction · dictate/dictation · plug/plug · correct/correction · enter/entry.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Συνηθισμένη κατάληξη ουσιαστικών από ρήματα: -tion/-ation (adaptation, introduction, correction, examination, dictation).
• Ορισμένες λέξεις έχουν ίδια μορφή ως ρήμα και ουσιαστικό (record, copy, post, plug).