Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 15 φιλτραρισμένων ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 189-193): 10 ερωτήσεις κατανόησης (A. Questions) + 5 κλειστές ασκήσεις λεξιλογίου/γραμματικής (B. Exercises).

Γιατί το εξαγωγικό είναι πιο περίπλοκο

Ερώτηση: Why is export trade more complicated than domestic trade?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 189): «Export trade, as opposed to domestic trade, demands right decisions, proper steps and transactions, and, last but not least, a large number of bureaucratic formalities».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Because export trade demands right decisions, proper steps and transactions, and a large number of bureaucratic formalities, unlike domestic trade.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Ο λόγος επίσκεψης του Alex Brain

Ερώτηση: Why has Alex Brain visited the official in the Ministry of Commerce?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 189): «to ask for some pieces of advice on what he has to do to expand his company's activities abroad»· «I'd like to gather information about export trade, you know, promotion and distribution methods...».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) To ask for advice on what he has to do to expand his company's activities abroad, and to gather information about export trade, promotion and distribution methods.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Παράγοντες επιτυχούς εξαγωγικού εμπορίου

Ερώτηση: Which factors contribute to the successful running of the export trade?

Απάντηση:

Σύνθεση από τον διάλογο (σελ. 189-190): γνώση των χωρών που θέλουν να αγοράσουν το προϊόν, γνώση εμπορικών περιορισμών/αδειών, αξιοποίηση trade missions/Chamber of Commerce, ανταγωνιστικές τιμές, καλή επιλογή διανομέα, καλό συμβόλαιο.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Knowing which countries are willing to buy the product, being aware of trade restrictions (quotas, customs tariffs) and getting the necessary licences/permits, using trade missions and the Chamber of Commerce for information, offering competitive prices, choosing a good distributor, and having a clear contract.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Ο όρος trade restrictions

Ερώτηση: What do we mean by the term “trade restrictions”?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 189-190): «Alex: Do you mean the quotas and customs tariffs? Official: That's right».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Quotas and customs tariffs.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Πληροφόρηση για διανομή/λιανική πώληση

Ερώτηση: How can someone get information for the distribution of a product abroad, and its retailing?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 190): «Trade missions can give you reports with a lot of information... there is the Chamber of Commerce, as well... you can collect a lot of information there».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Through trade missions, which can give reports with a lot of information, and through the Chamber of Commerce.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Οι trade missions

Ερώτηση: What are the trade missions?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 190): «Groups of officials and businessmen sent by a government to a foreign country to discuss an agreement, so as to increase trade between the two countries».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Groups of officials and businessmen sent by a government to a foreign country to discuss an agreement, so as to increase trade between the two countries.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Ανταγωνιστικές τιμές

Ερώτηση: Are competitive prices helpful for a good start in the field of export trade?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 190): «if your prices are competitive, there is a great possibility for you to make a good start in the field of export».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Yes, they are — competitive prices give a great possibility for a good start in the field of export.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Χαμηλή τιμή «με μια ματιά»

Ερώτηση: How can offered prices of the products appear to be low at the first look?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 190): «if you quote... a free on board export price plus estimated delivery costs... the offered price of the products appear to be low at a glance, because costs for packaging, insurance, tariffs, transportation and freight are then added to fix the wholesale price».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) By quoting a free on board (f.o.b.) export price plus estimated delivery costs separately, so the initial price looks low before packaging, insurance, tariffs, transportation and freight costs are added.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Κίνητρο για τον διανομέα

Ερώτηση: How could an exporter give incentive to a distributor for higher sales?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 190): «A bonus for extra sales would be an incentive for higher sales».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) By offering a bonus for extra sales.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Εύρεση κατάλληλων προσώπων για διανομή

Ερώτηση: Where could he find the proper persons for the distribution of a product?

Απάντηση:

Αυτούσιο (σελ. 190): «Names, addresses and comments on their productivity are in the trade directories which are available in our ministry department - the General Directorate of Commerce. The trade mission could also be helpful to you».

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) In the trade directories available at the General Directorate of Commerce, and also through trade missions.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Λέξεις/φράσεις με ίδια σημασία (a-x)

Ερώτηση: Find the words or expressions in the text meaning the following: a. purchasing, b. difficult to understand, c. abroad, d. in contrast with, e. suitable, f. home trade, g. have great success in, h. seek (for), i. the act of bringing goods to public notice in order to increase sales, j. lists, k. number of people living in a country, l. to know, m. official written statement giving someone the right to do sth., n. a person who works in government, o. explicit, p. sector, q. in addition to, r. at the first look, s. additional payment beyond what is usual, t. efficiency, u. a book or list of names, v. come to an end, w. fault; sth lacking or imperfect, x. the settlement of an argument by the decision of a person or group chosen by both sides.

Απάντηση:

Κάθε ορισμός αντιστοιχεί σε μία λέξη/φράση του κειμένου (σελ. 189-190).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a. buying. b. complicated. c. foreign country. d. as opposed to. e. appropriate. f. domestic trade. g. make a hit with. h. gather. i. promotion. j. statements. k. population. l. be aware of. m. licence. n. official. o. clear. p. field. q. plus. r. at a glance. s. bonus. t. productivity. u. directory. v. finish. w. defect/imperfection. x. arbitration.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Λέξεις/φράσεις με αντίθετη σημασία (a-p)

Ερώτηση: Find the words or expressions in the text the meaning of which is opposite to the following: a. buying, b. different, c. export trade, d. unsuitable, e. have failed in, f. limit, g. within the same country, h. wrong, i. reduce, j. minus, k. unpacking, l. lose money, m. exclude, n. perfection, o. agreement, p. entrance.

Απάντηση:

Κάθε λέξη έχει το αντίθετό της μέσα στο ίδιο κείμενο (σελ. 189-190).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a. selling. b. same. c. domestic trade. d. appropriate. e. make a hit with. f. expand. g. abroad. h. right. i. increase. j. plus. k. packaging. l. make a profit. m. include. n. imperfection. o. disagreement. p. exit.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Ρήμα → ουσιαστικό (a-t)

Ερώτηση: Fill in the blanks with nouns (found in the text): a. inform, b. decide, c. transact, d. visit, e. act, f. promote, g. distribute, h. produce, i. consume, j. restrict, k. quote, l. export, m. report, n. govern, o. associate, p. agree, q. compensate, r. pay, s. arbitrate, t. dispute.

Απάντηση:

Κάθε ρήμα μετατρέπεται στο ουσιαστικό που χρησιμοποιείται στο κείμενο (σελ. 189-190).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a. information. b. decision(s). c. transaction(s). d. visit. e. action. f. promotion. g. distribution. h. production. i. consumption. j. restriction(s). k. quotation. l. export. m. report. n. government. o. association. p. agreement. q. compensation. r. payment. s. arbitration. t. dispute.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Προθέσεις (a-h)

Ερώτηση: Fill in the gaps with the right preposition. a. Domestic trade is not ……… complicated ……… export trade. b. A large number ……… bureaucratic formalities are needed. c. He has visited an official to ask ……… some pieces ……… information. d. What can I do ……… you? e. How can I find ……… which countries are willing ……… buy the kind ……… product I want to promote? f. You have ……… be aware ……… the trade restrictions ……… each country. g. Trade missions are groups ……… officials sent ……… a government ……… a foreign country to discuss an agreement so ……… to increase trade between the two countries. h. If you collect a lot ……… information, you will have a clear opinion ……… the export trade conditions.

Απάντηση:

Οι προθέσεις αντλούνται αυτούσιες από τις πάγιες φράσεις του κειμένου (σελ. 189-190).

Σύνοψη: a. as / as. b. of. c. for / of. d. for. e. out / to / of. f. to / of / for. g. of / by / to / as. h. of / on.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Διόρθωση ορθογραφικών λαθών

Ερώτηση: Find the spelling mistakes in the following paragraph and correct them: “Bying and shelling within the shame country is not as complecated as exporting in foreign countrys is. Export trade as opossed to domestic trade dimands rite decisions, propere steps and trunsactions, and last but not leest, a large number of biurocratic formalities.”

Απάντηση:

Η παράγραφος είναι ακριβώς το κείμενο της πρώτης παραγράφου του κεφαλαίου (σελ. 189) με σκόπιμα εσφαλμένη ορθογραφία σε 12 λέξεις — διορθώθηκε με άμεση σύγκριση.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Bying→Buying, shelling→selling, shame→same, complecated→complicated, countrys→countries, opossed→opposed, dimands→demands, rite→right, propere→proper, trunsactions→transactions, leest→least, biurocratic→bureaucratic.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Προηγούμενο Στοιχείο

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