Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 30: Unit 2 Consolidation Exercises – ENGLISH FOR OFFICE CLERKS Β ΕΠΑΛ

Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 30: Unit 2 Consolidation Exercises

Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 16 ασκήσεων επανάληψης λεξιλογίου και γραμματικής όλου του Unit 2 (σελ. 143-151).

Είκοσι ζεύγη συνωνύμων

Ερώτηση: Match the following so as to form twenty pairs of synonyms. a. call. b. communicate. c. urgent. d. get in touch with. e. colleague. f. professional people. g. crisp. h. entirely. i. device. j. hold on. k. engaged (teleph. line). l. mail. m. potential. n. refine. o. message. p. hear from (sb). q. run out of. r. rely on. s. schedule. t. directory — 1. businessmen. 2. to be dealt quickly. 3. decisive. 4. a cleverly thought out instrument. 5. ring. 6. exchange information, news, etc. 7. wait on the telephone. 8. fellow worker. 9. busy. 10. be in contact with. 11. absolutely. 12. improve. 13. information passed from one person to another. 14. existing in possibility. 15. letters received by post. 16. have no more of. 17. put into a timetable. 18. receive news from (sb). 19. book or list of names. 20. depend on.

Απάντηση:

• Κάθε λέξη a-t αντιστοιχίζεται με το πλησιέστερο σε σημασία ορισμό 1-20.

Σύνοψη: a-5 (call=ring). b-6 (communicate=exchange information). c-2 (urgent=to be dealt quickly). d-10 (get in touch with=be in contact with). e-8 (colleague=fellow worker). f-1 (professional people=businessmen). g-3 (crisp=decisive). h-11 (entirely=absolutely). i-4 (device=a cleverly thought out instrument). j-7 (hold on=wait on the telephone). k-9 (engaged=busy). l-15 (mail=letters received by post). m-14 (potential=existing in possibility). n-12 (refine=improve). o-13 (message=information passed from one person to another). p-18 (hear from=receive news from). q-16 (run out of=have no more of). r-20 (rely on=depend on). s-17 (schedule=put into a timetable). t-19 (directory=book or list of names).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Είκοσι ζεύγη — κάθε ορισμός χρησιμοποιείται μία φορά.

Συμπλήρωση λέξεων από ορισμό (15 λέξεις)

Ερώτηση: Complete the following words: a. e...n : telephone line which connects the switchboard to various offices. b. p...ly : suitably. c. f...m : company. d. c...r : a letter distributed to many people. e. d...a : facts; information. f. f...d : sector. g. c...l : very important. h. pr...n : bringing goods to public notice in order to increase sales. i. o...ve : target. j. m...m : a note of something to be remembered. k. r...d : consider. l. v...l : ship. m. f...le : a machine which produces exact copies or reproductions of writing, pictures, etc. n. d...n : the show/display of a product. o. p...e : that can be carried or moved.

Απάντηση:

• a. extension.
• b. properly.
• c. firm.
• d. circular.
• e. data.
• f. field.
• g. crucial.
• h. promotion.
• i. objective.
• j. memorandum (memo).
• k. regard.
• l. vessel.
• m. facsimile.
• n. demonstration.
• o. portable.
• Σημείωση: το τυπωμένο κεφαλαίο «I» στα l/g είναι OCR/τυπωτικό φαινόμενο για το πεζό «l», ίδιο με άλλα κεφάλαια του βιβλίου.

Σύνοψη: a. extension. b. properly. c. firm. d. circular. e. data. f. field. g. crucial. h. promotion. i. objective. j. memorandum/memo. k. regard. l. vessel. m. facsimile. n. demonstration. o. portable.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Κάθε λέξη ορίζεται από τα δοθέντα γράμματα-άκρα και τον ορισμό.

memorise / remind / remember

Ερώτηση: memorise, remind, remember: Use each verb at least once in the correct form to fill in the blanks in the following sentences: a. Do you ………. the files the office boy bought last week? b. I ………. driving home in the rain most times, last winter. c. Will you ………. me to post this letter in the morning? d. Will you ………. the speech, or will you read it at the conference? e. I have forgotten what he said. Will you ………. me of it? f. ………. to call him back.

Απάντηση:

• a. remember + direct object (θυμάμαι κάτι).
• b. remember + gerund (θυμάμαι ότι έκανα κάτι).
• c. remind sb to do sth (υπενθυμίζω σε κάποιον να κάνει κάτι).
• d. memorise (απομνημονεύω, στην περίπτωση ενός λόγου).
• e. remind sb of sth (υπενθυμίζω σε κάποιον κάτι).
• f. remember + infinitive, προστακτική (μην ξεχάσεις να...).

Σύνοψη: a. remember. b. remember(ed). c. remind. d. memorise. e. remind. f. Remember.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Πρόσεξε τη διαφορά remember+gerund (ανάμνηση) vs remember+infinitive (μην ξεχάσεις).

allow / leave / let

Ερώτηση: Use the verbs (allow, leave, let) in their correct form to complete the blanks: a. Does your manager ………. you smoke in the office? b. People are not ………. to smoke in public places. c. They don't ………. making noise in the hospital. d. ………. him go. He isn't an important customer. e. Customers shouldn't be ………. waiting for long before being served. f. Don't worry about the typing of this letter. ………. it to me. g. Our schedule ………. half an hour for a break. h. Although I needed an immediate answer, they ………. a week go by, before answering the letter.

Απάντηση:

• a. let + bare infinitive (let you smoke).
• b. allowed to (παθητική με to).
• c. allow + gerund (allow making noise).
• d. Let (προστακτική, bare infinitive).
• e. left (παθητική, leave sb waiting).
• f. Leave it to me (πάγια έκφραση).
• g. allows (επιτρέπει, χρονικά).
• h. let a week go by (πάγια έκφραση).

Σύνοψη: a. let. b. allowed. c. allow. d. Let. e. left. f. Leave. g. allows. h. let.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• let + bare infinitive, allow + to + infinitive/gerund, leave sth to sb / leave sb doing.

Είκοσι ζεύγη αντωνύμων

Ερώτηση: Match the following so as to make twenty pairs of antonyms. a. keep in mind. b. essential. c. receiver. d. make known. e. avoid. f. contain. g. start off. h. unattended. i. in part. j. save time. k. aggressive. l. courteous. m. deny. n. keep off. o. effective. p. accurate. q. security. r. be out of order. s. hang up. t. portable — 1. unimportant. 2. keep secret. 3. aim at. 4. forget. 5. sender. 6. end (in). 7. generally; totally. 8. defensive. 9. leave out; exclude. 10. guided. 11. accept; admit. 12. keep close. 13. operate; work. 14. lose time. 15. rude. 16. not precise. 17. dial. 18. immovable. 19. danger. 20. useless.

Απάντηση:

• Κάθε λέξη a-t αντιστοιχίζεται με το ΑΝΤΙΘΕΤΟ της νόημα από τα 1-20.

Σύνοψη: a-4 (keep in mind≠forget). b-1 (essential≠unimportant). c-5 (receiver≠sender). d-2 (make known≠keep secret). e-3 (avoid≠aim at). f-9 (contain≠leave out/exclude). g-6 (start off≠end in). h-10 (unattended≠guided). i-7 (in part≠generally/totally). j-14 (save time≠lose time). k-8 (aggressive≠defensive). l-15 (courteous≠rude). m-11 (deny≠accept/admit). n-12 (keep off≠keep close). o-20 (effective≠useless). p-16 (accurate≠not precise). q-19 (security≠danger). r-13 (be out of order≠operate/work). s-17 (hang up≠dial). t-18 (portable≠immovable).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Είκοσι ζεύγη αντίθετων εννοιών — κάθε ορισμός χρησιμοποιείται μία φορά.

ask / say / remark / explain / tell

Ερώτηση: Use each verb (ask, say, remark, explain, tell), at least once, in the correct form: a. He ………. her to fill in an application. b. He ………. that the meeting had been successful. c. He ………. her to be polite to her colleagues. d. “………. him to wait for me. I'll be back in ten minutes”, he ………. to his secretary. e. Why did you ………. that to him? It was supposed to be confidential. f. He ………. the situation to his manager but he refused to accept his argument. g. “The reason why they dismissed him was that he had been an irresponsible person”, he ………. . h. It was rude of you to ………. upon her manners. i. I'm afraid I can't ………. you the exact time of his arrival. j. He ………. the whole programme to me, so that I could be prepared for the conference.

Απάντηση:

• a. asked (ζήτησε από αυτήν).
• b. said (ανέφερε ότι).
• c. told (της είπε/συμβούλεψε να).
• d. πρώτο κενό = Tell (μέρος του παραθέματος)· δεύτερο = said.
• e. say (πες κάτι σε κάποιον).
• f. explained (εξήγησε την κατάσταση).
• g. remarked (σχολίασε).
• h. remark (σχολιάζω πάνω σε κάτι).
• i. tell (πες σε κάποιον κάτι συγκεκριμένο).
• j. explained (εξήγησε το πρόγραμμα).

Σύνοψη: a. asked. b. said. c. told. d. Tell ... said. e. say. f. explained. g. remarked. h. remark. i. tell. j. explained.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Κάθε ρήμα (ask, say, remark, explain, tell) χρησιμοποιείται τουλάχιστον μία φορά στις δέκα προτάσεις.

Ιδιωματικές εκφράσεις (12 κενά)

Ερώτηση: Fill in the blanks with the following: hold on, cut off, look for, get in touch with, iron out, hear from, run out of, place an order with, cut down, out of order, fix a date, look up. a. The relations between management and staff were ………. after the increase of salaries. b. I haven't ………. him for a long time. c. - What are you doing there? - I ………. for my stapler. d. ………. me, as soon as you receive my message. e. The manager's line is busy. Will you ………. please? f. The line was ………. while we were talking on the telephone. g. Their offer is a bargain. Let's ………. them. h. The telex is ………. . Will you call the technician? i. It is difficult to ………. for the next meeting as most managers will be abroad. j. The company had to ………. the expenses after the recent government measures. k. ………. Mr Smith's address in the customers directory. l. We have ………. envelopes. Send the office boy to buy some.

Απάντηση:

• a. ironed out (λύθηκαν/διευθετήθηκαν).
• b. heard from.
• c. am looking (looking for).
• d. Get in touch with.
• e. hold on.
• f. cut off.
• g. place an order with.
• h. out of order.
• i. fix a date.
• j. cut down.
• k. Look up.
• l. run out of.

Σύνοψη: a. ironed out. b. heard from. c. looking for. d. Get in touch with. e. hold on. f. cut off. g. place an order with. h. out of order. i. fix a date. j. cut down. k. Look up. l. run out of.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Κάθε ιδιωματική έκφραση από τη δοθείσα λίστα χρησιμοποιείται ΜΙΑ φορά.

Λειτουργική γλώσσα τηλεφώνου (10 καταστάσεις)

Ερώτηση: What do you say in the following situations? a. You ask the operator to connect you with the sales department. b. You ask the caller, if he/she can wait. c. You ask the secretary to transmit your information to her manager. d. Leave your name on the answerphone. e. You want to change the date of an appointment. f. You call someone back. g. Say you are glad you have met someone. h. Say you haven't quite understood somebody's surname. i. You confirm the date of an appointment. j. You offer to help someone.

Απάντηση:

• Κάθε κατάσταση αντιστοιχεί σε μια συγκεκριμένη λειτουργική (functional) φράση τηλεφωνικής/γραφειακής επικοινωνίας.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a. 'Could you put me through to the Sales Department, please?' b. 'Could you hold on, please?' c. 'Could you pass this information on to your manager, please?' d. 'This is [name]. Please call me back when you get this message.' e. 'Could we change the date of our appointment, please?' f. 'I'm calling you back, as you asked.' g. 'It's been a pleasure meeting you.' h. 'I'm sorry, could you spell your surname for me, please?' i. 'I'm just confirming our appointment for [date/time].' j. 'Can I help you with that?'

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ενδεικτικές λειτουργικές εκφράσεις — δεκτή κάθε ισοδύναμη ευγενική/σωστή διατύπωση.

Σωστό ή Λάθος (10 προτάσεις)

Ερώτηση: Say whether the following statements are True or False: a. When you have to get in touch urgently with a company abroad, you send a telex or a fax. b. When you want to call your secretary into your office, you write a memo. c. The people you work with are your colleagues. d. If you are interested in a job, you apply for it. e. If the line is busy, you can't be put through to the person you want to talk to. f. The telephone can always replace a letter. g. The telephone can never be used by someone to achieve broader marketing objectives. h. A secretary can write down a message for her boss when he is out or away. i. If a message is urgent, it means you don't have to answer it immediately. j. If you have your arms folded, it usually means that you are the aggressive type of person.

Απάντηση:

• a. Σωστό — τέλεξ/φαξ για επείγουσα επικοινωνία με το εξωτερικό.
• b. Λάθος — για να καλέσεις τη γραμματέα στο γραφείο σου χρησιμοποιείς το intercom, όχι memo.
• c. Σωστό — colleague = συνάδελφος.
• d. Σωστό — apply for a job.
• e. Σωστό — engaged line = δεν μπορείς να συνδεθείς.
• f. Λάθος — υπάρχουν περιπτώσεις (επίσημα έγγραφα) που χρειάζεται οπωσδήποτε επιστολή.
• g. Λάθος — το τηλέφωνο ΜΠΟΡΕΙ να χρησιμοποιηθεί για ευρύτερους στόχους μάρκετινγκ.
• h. Σωστό — η γραμματέας σημειώνει μηνύματα όταν ο προϊστάμενος λείπει.
• i. Λάθος — 'urgent' σημαίνει ότι ΠΡΕΠΕΙ να απαντηθεί άμεσα.
• j. Λάθος — τα σταυρωμένα χέρια θεωρούνται αμυντική/μη επικοινωνιακή στάση, όχι επιθετική (κεφ. 25, Body Language).

Σύνοψη: a. True. b. False. c. True. d. True. e. True. f. False. g. False. h. True. i. False. j. False.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Οι απαντήσεις j και g συνδέονται ρητά με προηγούμενα κεφάλαια του Unit 2 (Body Language, The Mail Minefield).

Επιλογή σωστής λέξης (15 προτάσεις)

Ερώτηση: Choose the correct item for each one of the following sentences: a. If you want to discuss something with a person who works in another company, you arrange ………. (1. an interview, 2. an appointment, 3. a date). b. Mrs Smith has applied for the secretarial ………. in our company (1. profession, 2. occupation, 3. position). c. If you want several people to read a circular, you have it ………. around (1. distributed, 2. handled, 3. recorded). d. If you want to make known or ………. someone of something in the company you write a memo (1. recall, 2. remember, 3. remind). e. A good sales letter always ends up with a strong call to ………. (1. act, 2. action, 3. activity). f. He can't ………. his boss to increase his salary (1. persuade, 2. make, 3. allow). g. A phone-call can turn out to be a very ………. experience (1. nervous, 2. exhausted, 3. irritating). h. If you are calling somebody in a company and there is a(n) ………., it is easy for him to put you through (1. caller, 2. operator, 3. manager). i. While talking on the phone, you may be cut ………. (1. through, 2. over, 3. off). j. When you finish the ………. you put the receiver down (1. call, 2. telephone, 3. dialling). k. Remember to be ………. when talking over the phone (1. industrious, 2. quick, 3. noisy). l. You should keep in ………. with customers (1. touch, 2. communication, 3. influence). m. The phone can ………. valuable time (1. solve, 2. sell, 3. save). n. She told him to ring her ………. later (1. over, 2. forwards, 3. back). o. The telex works as a telephone and a ………. (1. computer, 2. typewriter, 3. photocopier).

Απάντηση:

• a. an appointment.
• b. position.
• c. distributed.
• d. remind.
• e. action.
• f. persuade.
• g. irritating.
• h. operator.
• i. off.
• j. call.
• k. quick.
• l. touch.
• m. save.
• n. back.
• o. typewriter.

Σύνοψη: a-2 (an appointment). b-3 (position). c-1 (distributed). d-3 (remind). e-2 (action). f-1 (persuade). g-3 (irritating). h-2 (operator). i-3 (off). j-1 (call). k-2 (quick). l-1 (touch). m-3 (save). n-3 (back). o-2 (typewriter).

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Δεκαπέντε προτάσεις πάγιου λεξιλογίου γραφειακής/τηλεφωνικής επικοινωνίας.

Σωστός τύπος ρήματος (16 προτάσεις)

Ερώτηση: Fill in the blanks with the right form of the verbs in the brackets: a. Most professional people have a remarkably simple way of (check) ………. a direct mail letter. b. The technical details of the order were left to you (check) ………. for accuracy. c. It's time he (find) ………. a job and (earn) ………. his own living. d. When a sales letter (be) ………. two or three pages long, it (consider) ………. (be) ………. on the right lines. e. The deal or the offer should (repeat) ………. in the postscript of the letter. f. He spoke on the phone so quickly that I quite (not understand) ………. what he (say) ………. . g. He can't stand (work) ………. long hours. h. Can't you persuade your boss (increase) ………. your salary? i. He made me (agree) ………. with his own terms. j. No matter how many new devices of communication (appear) ………. , the telephone always (remain) ………. a tool of primary importance. k. We can say that the three first steps of a phone-call are easy (achieve) ………. . l. While (speak) ………. over the phone you can (cut) ………. off. m. Don't forget (be) ………. quick when (talk) ………. on the phone, because there (be) ………. others (wait) ………. “in the queue” as well. n. It is important (understand) ………. that telephone marketing must (not see) ………. as an alternative to direct mail. o. “Could you (ask) ………. him (ring) ………. me urgently, please?” He said. p. “I (pass) ………. your message on to Mr Brown and I'm sure he (ring) ………. you as soon as he (come) ………. .” She answered.

Απάντηση:

• a. checking (gerund μετά από πρόθεση 'of').
• b. to check (left to sb + to infinitive).
• c. it's time + past simple: found ... earned.
• d. is ... is considered ... to be.
• e. should be repeated (παθητική).
• f. didn't understand ... said.
• g. working (stand + gerund).
• h. to increase (persuade sb + to infinitive).
• i. agree (make sb + bare infinitive).
• j. appear ... remains (no matter how + present).
• k. to achieve (easy + to infinitive).
• l. speaking ... be cut.
• m. to be ... talking ... are ... waiting.
• n. to understand ... not be seen.
• o. ask ... to ring.
• p. will pass ... will ring ... comes (πρόταση χρόνου με 'as soon as').

Σύνοψη: a. checking. b. to check. c. found ... earned. d. is ... is considered ... to be. e. be repeated. f. didn't understand ... said. g. working. h. to increase. i. agree. j. appear ... remains. k. to achieve. l. speaking ... be cut. m. to be ... talking ... are ... waiting. n. to understand ... not be seen. o. ask ... to ring. p. will pass ... will ring ... comes.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Δεκαέξι προτάσεις εξάσκησης απαρέμφατου/gerund/παθητικής/χρονικών προτάσεων.

Συμπλήρωση προτάσεων βάσει των κειμένων του Unit 2

Ερώτηση: Based on the texts of Unit 2, complete the following sentences: a. If you want several people in your company to read a circular, you ....... . b. If you want to make something known to the staff of a company ....... . c. If you want to discuss a serious problem with some colleagues, you ....... . d. You write a memo, if ....... . e. It is possible to avoid serious mistakes while writing sales letters, if ....... . f. The two crucial parts of the sales letter are ....... . g. A good sales letter should come straight out ....... . h. The letter should also be ....... . i. When you want to make a phone-call, you lift the receiver, ....... . j. If the line is engaged, you put the ....... . k. If you are calling somebody in a company and there is an operator, it is easy for him or her ....... . l. You had better be quick while speaking ....... . m. When used cleverly, the phone can become a ....... . n. The phone can be used to achieve broader marketing objectives than ....... . o. The telex sends messages ....... . p. If you are interested in a company's products, you should ....... .

Απάντηση:

• a. have it distributed around.
• b. you write a memo.
• c. arrange a meeting with them.
• d. you want to make something known to the staff of a company.
• e. you check them carefully before sending them.
• f. the opening lines and the closing sentences.
• g. and get straight to the point.
• h. clearly expressed and polite.
• i. listen for the dialling tone and dial the number.
• j. receiver down and try again later.
• k. to put you through to the right extension.
• l. on the phone, because others may be waiting to use the line.
• m. valuable selling/marketing tool.
• n. simply taking orders over the phone.
• o. everywhere in no time.
• p. write an inquiry asking for further details.

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) a. have it distributed around. b. you write a memo. c. arrange a meeting. d. you want to make something known to the staff. e. you check them carefully. f. the opening lines and the closing sentences. g. and get straight to the point. h. clearly expressed and polite. i. listen for the dialling tone and dial the number. j. receiver down and try again later. k. to put you through. l. on the phone. m. valuable selling tool. n. simply taking orders. o. everywhere in no time. p. write an inquiry.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Άσκηση σύνθεσης πάνω σε όλα τα κείμενα του Unit 2 — ενδεικτικές απαντήσεις, δεκτή κάθε λογικά συνεπής ολοκλήρωση της πρότασης.

Πλάγιος λόγος (12 προτάσεις)

Ερώτηση: Rewrite the sentences using the prompts given: a. Will you please arrange an appointment with the manager for me? She asked me politely.... b. They will interview me next week. She said (that).... c. I want to discuss a serious matter with you. The general manager announced that.... d. The telephone will always be a tool of primary importance. He mentioned that.... e. I'd like to be put through to the Sales Department. She said (that).... f. Can I speak to Mr Gilford, please? She asked politely if.... g. May I have your extension number? She asked me if...... h. We haven't received the new order yet. The secretary explained that...... i. We got our phonecards from a newsagent's shop. He informed me that...... j. Choose one of them. She told me...... k. Don't be in a hurry. He told me...... l. You should know the answer. She said (that)......

Απάντηση:

• a. to arrange an appointment with the manager for her.
• b. they would interview her the following week.
• c. he wanted to discuss a serious matter with them.
• d. the telephone would always be a tool of primary importance.
• e. she would like to be put through to the Sales Department.
• f. she could speak to Mr Gilford.
• g. she could/might have his/her extension number.
• h. they hadn't received the new order yet.
• i. they had got their phonecards from a newsagent's shop.
• j. to choose one of them.
• k. not to be in a hurry.
• l. I should know the answer.

Σύνοψη: a. She asked me politely to arrange an appointment with the manager for her. b. She said (that) they would interview her the following week. c. The general manager announced that he wanted to discuss a serious matter with them. d. He mentioned that the telephone would always be a tool of primary importance. e. She said (that) she would like to be put through to the Sales Department. f. She asked politely if she could speak to Mr Gilford. g. She asked me if she could have my extension number. h. The secretary explained that they hadn't received the new order yet. i. He informed me that they had got their phonecards from a newsagent's shop. j. She told me to choose one of them. k. He told me not to be in a hurry. l. She said (that) I should know the answer.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Θυμήσου τις αλλαγές χρόνων/αντωνυμιών/χρονικών προσδιορισμών στον πλάγιο λόγο.

Παθητική φωνή (12 προτάσεις)

Ερώτηση: Rewrite the sentences without changing their meaning, using the prompts given: a. Tom sent postcards to his colleagues. Postcards ....... . b. The secretary has distributed a circular to the staff. A circular ....... . c. They will send the letters registered. The letters ....... . d. Typists usually type letters everyday. Letters ....... . e. The marketing fraternity have not exploited the telephone as a selling tool very much. The telephone ....... . f. They must not see the telephone marketing as an alternative to the direct mail. The telephone marketing ....... . g. They can use the phone to achieve broader marketing objectives. The phone ....... . h. The company need the order urgently. The order ....... . i. Many people regard folded arms or crossed legs as defensive and non-communicative positions. Folded arms or crossed legs ....... . j. Most companies have established a short break for their personnel to have lunch. A short break ....... . k. They use a telex machine as a telephone and a typewriter. A telex machine ....... . l. The Telephone Company list the customers' phone numbers in the phone directory. The customers' phone numbers ....... .

Απάντηση:

• a. were sent to his colleagues by Tom.
• b. has been distributed to the staff (by the secretary).
• c. will be sent registered.
• d. are usually typed everyday (by typists).
• e. has not been exploited as a selling tool very much (by the marketing fraternity).
• f. must not be seen as an alternative to the direct mail.
• g. can be used to achieve broader marketing objectives.
• h. is needed urgently (by the company).
• i. are regarded as defensive and non-communicative positions (by many people).
• j. has been established by most companies for their personnel to have lunch.
• k. is used as a telephone and a typewriter.
• l. are listed in the phone directory (by the Telephone Company).

Σύνοψη: a. Postcards were sent to his colleagues by Tom. b. A circular has been distributed to the staff. c. The letters will be sent registered. d. Letters are usually typed everyday. e. The telephone has not been exploited as a selling tool very much. f. The telephone marketing must not be seen as an alternative to the direct mail. g. The phone can be used to achieve broader marketing objectives. h. The order is needed urgently. i. Folded arms or crossed legs are regarded as defensive and non-communicative positions. j. A short break has been established by most companies for their personnel to have lunch. k. A telex machine is used as a telephone and a typewriter. l. The customers' phone numbers are listed in the phone directory.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Το 'by + δράστης' είναι προαιρετικό όταν ο δράστης είναι γενικός/προφανής (π.χ. 'by typists').

Οι τρεις τύποι υποθετικού λόγου (10 προτάσεις)

Ερώτηση: Write in the parenthesis the type of conditional of each sentence. Then, rewrite the sentences turning them into the other two types: a. If you have to discuss something with the manager, his secretary will arrange an appointment for you. b. He certainly won't give you permission to leave if you don't ask for it. c. If you were interested in the job, you would have to apply for it. d. If she had been experienced in this field, she wouldn't have made so many mistakes. e. If you don't take immediate action, they will go to another firm. f. If you had had folded arms or crossed legs, you would have been regarded as defensive and non-communicative. g. She could have bought more things, if she had had more money. h. She would work overtime only if the company raised her salary. i. If she doesn't hang up soon, she will run out of credits. j. If the manager was here, we would be able to deal with it.

Απάντηση:

• a. 1ος τύπος.
• b. 1ος τύπος.
• c. 2ος τύπος.
• d. 3ος τύπος.
• e. 1ος τύπος.
• f. 3ος τύπος.
• g. 3ος τύπος.
• h. 2ος τύπος.
• i. 1ος τύπος.
• j. 2ος τύπος.

Σύνοψη: a. (1ος) → 2ος: If you had to discuss..., his secretary would arrange...· 3ος: If you had had to discuss..., his secretary would have arranged... . b. (1ος) → 2ος: ...if you didn't ask for it· 3ος: ...if you hadn't asked for it, he wouldn't have given... . c. (2ος) → 1ος: If you are interested..., you will have to apply...· 3ος: If you had been interested..., you would have had to apply... . d. (3ος) → 1ος: If she is experienced..., she won't make...· 2ος: If she were experienced..., she wouldn't make... . e. (1ος) → 2ος: If you didn't take..., they would go...· 3ος: If you hadn't taken..., they would have gone... . f. (3ος) → 1ος: If you have folded arms..., you will be regarded...· 2ος: If you had folded arms..., you would be regarded... . g. (3ος) → 1ος: She can buy more things if she has more money· 2ος: She could buy more things if she had more money. h. (2ος) → 1ος: She will work overtime only if the company raises her salary· 3ος: She would have worked overtime only if the company had raised her salary. i. (1ος) → 2ος: If she didn't hang up soon, she would run out of credits· 3ος: If she hadn't hung up soon, she would have run out of credits. j. (2ος) → 1ος: If the manager is here, we will be able to deal with it· 3ος: If the manager had been here, we would have been able to deal with it.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Αναγνώρισε πρώτα τον τύπο από τους χρόνους της if-πρότασης/κύριας πρότασης, μετά μετάτρεψέ τον στους άλλους δύο τύπους διατηρώντας το νόημα.

Σωστή σειρά λέξεων (12 προτάσεις)

Ερώτηση: Put the parts of the sentences in the correct order: a. (at the top of the page/ your name / please write). b. (to the bank / every Friday / I go). c. (if you want / you have to distribute it around / to read a circular / several people). d. (you use the intercom / into your office / if you want to call your secretary). e. (his name / after a few minutes / I remembered). f. (at the office / all morning / she has been working). g. (must be contained / the entire deal or offer / in the first few paragraphs). h. (as soon as / I'm sure / he comes / he'll ring you). i. (listen for the dialling tone / the three first steps for making a phone call / are / to lift the receiver / and finally dial the number). j. (yet / the microcomputers / we haven't received). k. (recently / have you been / to the Post Office). l. (for a few days / I'm going / next week / to London).

Απάντηση:

• a. Please write your name at the top of the page.
• b. I go to the bank every Friday.
• c. If you want several people to read a circular, you have to distribute it around.
• d. If you want to call your secretary into your office, you use the intercom.
• e. I remembered his name after a few minutes.
• f. She has been working at the office all morning.
• g. The entire deal or offer must be contained in the first few paragraphs.
• h. I'm sure he'll ring you as soon as he comes.
• i. The three first steps for making a phone call are to lift the receiver, listen for the dialling tone and finally dial the number.
• j. We haven't received the microcomputers yet.
• k. Have you been to the Post Office recently?
• l. I'm going to London for a few days next week.

Σύνοψη: a. Please write your name at the top of the page. b. I go to the bank every Friday. c. If you want several people to read a circular, you have to distribute it around. d. If you want to call your secretary into your office, you use the intercom. e. I remembered his name after a few minutes. f. She has been working at the office all morning. g. The entire deal or offer must be contained in the first few paragraphs. h. I'm sure he'll ring you as soon as he comes. i. The three first steps for making a phone call are to lift the receiver, listen for the dialling tone and finally dial the number. j. We haven't received the microcomputers yet. k. Have you been to the Post Office recently? l. I'm going to London for a few days next week.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Δώδεκα προτάσεις — βρες πρώτα το ρήμα και το υποκείμενο, μετά τοποθέτησε τους επιρρηματικούς προσδιορισμούς.