Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 43: Do You Get on Well with Computers – ENGLISH FOR OFFICE CLERKS Β ΕΠΑΛ

Λύσεις — Κεφάλαιο 43: Do You Get on Well with Computers

Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 15 φιλτραρισμένων ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 214-219): 10 ερωτήσεις κατανόησης (A. Questions) + 5 κλειστές ασκήσεις λεξιλογίου/γραμματικής (B. Exercises).

Ο σκοπός του Tom

Ερώτηση: What is Tom trying to do?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 214): «Tell me Laura, don't you think that the innumerable capacities and skills of computers are threatening, since these devices tend to replace human beings?»

Σύνοψη: Tom is trying to persuade Laura that the innumerable capacities and skills of computers are threatening and that computers are likely to outlive human beings and become their biological successors.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ανέτρεξε στην αρχή του διαλόγου (σελ. 214), όπου ο Tom θέτει το θέμα.

Η γνώμη της Laura για τους υπολογιστές

Ερώτηση: In Laura's opinion, is there anything special about computers?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 214): «I personally think that the computer is a machine, like all the others, monitored and guided by human beings... The computer without you and me is a completely useless device.»

Σύνοψη: No, according to Laura there is nothing special about computers: she thinks a computer is a machine like all the others, monitored and guided by human beings, and completely useless without them.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Η Laura αντικρούει τον Tom — δεν βλέπει τίποτα «ξεχωριστό/απειλητικό» στους υπολογιστές.

Ο υπολογιστής ως «επιθετική» μηχανή

Ερώτηση: In what way, do you think, can the computer be an "aggressive" machine?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 214): «It has become a super-intelligent aggressive machine which will, in all probability, take everything over in the future.»

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) According to Tom, the computer can be "aggressive" because it has invaded the privacy of our lives and has become a super-intelligent machine that will, in all probability, take everything over in the future.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Κρίση με βάση όσα λέει ο Tom στο κείμενο — δεν είναι προσωπική εμπειρία, είναι σύνθεση από το κείμενο.

«Στην αρχή της καριέρας τους»

Ερώτηση: What does Tom mean when he says that "computers are only at the beginning of their career"?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 214): «Computers are only at the beginning of their "career"... They still have a long way to go. But remember! They will reach the point of attacking their programmers...»

Σύνοψη: Tom means that computers will develop even further in the future: they still have a long way to go, and they will eventually reach the point of attacking their programmers, retaliating and dominating people.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Σύνδεσε τη φράση με ό,τι ακολουθεί αμέσως μετά στο κείμενο ("they still have a long way to go").

Γιατί οι υπολογιστές θα γίνουν απειλή

Ερώτηση: Why, according to Tom, will computers become a serious threat to all people?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 214-215): «They will reach the point of attacking their programmers and retaliating through their new methods and ideas... They will dominate over us and put our freedom to danger. They will make hard bargains and will become cruel blackmailers.»

Σύνοψη: Because, according to Tom, computers will reach the point of attacking their programmers, retaliating through new methods, dominating over people, putting their freedom in danger, making hard bargains and becoming cruel blackmailers.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Απάντησε παραθέτοντας τους τρεις-τέσσερις λόγους που αναφέρει ο Tom.

Μνήμη και μηχανισμός κατά τη Laura

Ερώτηση: What kind of memory and mechanism do computers have according to Laura?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 215): «Computers will always remain brainless machines, with an artificial memory and a manageable mechanism.»

Σύνοψη: According to Laura, computers have an artificial memory and a manageable mechanism, and will always remain brainless machines.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Παρέθεσε τη λέξη-κλειδί «artificial» (τεχνητή) και «manageable» (εύχρηστος).

Εργασίες που εκτελούν οι υπολογιστές (Laura)

Ερώτηση: What kind of tasks does Laura claim that computers perform?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 215): «They'll always be performing all the tedious and boring tasks, such as paying bills, arranging programmes, making travel reservations and designing industrial machinery.»

Σύνοψη: According to Laura, computers perform all the tedious and boring tasks, such as paying bills, arranging programmes, making travel reservations and designing industrial machinery.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Γιατί η Laura μισεί τους υπολογιστές

Ερώτηση: Why does Laura hate computers?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 215): «I hate these stupid "gadgets", because they have caused unemployment, have deprived many clerks of their job and have made many others redundant... Computers gather information about people, gossiping behind our backs, and this is humiliating!»

Σύνοψη: Laura hates computers because they have caused unemployment, have deprived many clerks of their jobs and made many others redundant, and because they gather information about people, which she finds humiliating and a suppression of human freedom and dignity.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Η ηλεκτρονική νοημοσύνη

Ερώτηση: What other kind of intelligence is there, apart from the human one, according to Tom?

Απάντηση:

• Αυτούσιο (σελ. 215): «apart from the human intelligence, there is the electronic intelligence, which may prove higher and stronger and which will surely be an invincible successor to "our throne"...»

Σύνοψη: According to Tom, apart from human intelligence, there is electronic intelligence, which may prove higher and stronger and will surely become an invincible successor to man in the natural evolution of life.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

Η προσωπική στάση του Tom

Ερώτηση: What is Tom's personal attitude towards computers?

Απάντηση:

• Το κείμενο δείχνει τον Tom να υποστηρίζει με έμφαση («Wake up Laura! Wake up!») ότι οι υπολογιστές είναι απειλή, αλλά κλείνει καθησυχαστικά: «Dearest Laura! Calm down. It's not so tragic, after all!» (σελ. 215).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Tom's personal attitude is one of concern and warning: he genuinely believes computers will become a serious threat and eventually dominate people, although at the end he tries to calm Laura down and says it is "not so tragic, after all".

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ερώτηση σύνθεσης — απάντησε με βάση τη γενική στάση του Tom σε όλο τον διάλογο, όχι μόνο μία ατάκα.

Συνώνυμα (Άσκηση Β.1, a-r)

Ερώτηση: Find the words in the text which have the same meaning as the following: a. convince b. live longer than c. special abilities to do sth well d. too many to be counted e. making sth seem larger, better or worse than it really is f. controlled g. information in a form that can be processed by and stored in a computer system h. completely; absolutely i. always ready to quarrel or attack j. consisting of many closely related or connected parts k. too willing to believe without proof I. doing sth bad to someone who has done sth bad to you m. have or impose control or power n. talking with another person or group in order to try to come to an agreement or settle an argument o. long, tiring and uninteresting; boring p. taken away from; prevented from using or having q. no longer employed because there is not enough work r. too strong to be defeated

Απάντηση:

• Κάθε ορισμός αντιστοιχεί σε ΜΙΑ λέξη αυτούσια μέσα στο κείμενο του διαλόγου (σελ. 214-215).

Σύνοψη: a. persuade · b. outlive · c. skill(s) · d. innumerable · e. exaggerate · f. guided (monitored) · g. data · h. utterly · i. aggressive · j. complicated · k. naive · l. retaliate · m. dominate · n. negotiate · o. tedious · p. deprived · q. redundant · r. invincible.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Μοναδική σωστή λέξη ανά ορισμό — όλες βρίσκονται αυτολεξεί στον διάλογο.

Πίνακας VERB / NOUN / ADJECTIVE (Άσκηση Β.2)

Ερώτηση: Complete the following table: VERB / NOUN / ADJECTIVE — persuade/…/… · exaggerate/…/… · guide/…/… · invade/…/… · mean/…/… · compare/…/… · retaliate/…/… · …/threat/… · dominate/…/… · negotiate/…/… · …/manager/… · …/…/knowledgeable · …/industry/… · …/…/redundant · …/information/… · …/quarrel/… · …/point/… · …/…/strong · …/evolution/… · …/suppression/… .

Απάντηση:

• Κάθε σειρά συμπληρώνεται με το ρήμα, το ουσιαστικό ή/και το επίθετο που λείπει από την ίδια οικογένεια λέξεων.

Σύνοψη: persuade/persuasion/persuasive · exaggerate/exaggeration/exaggerated · guide/guidance/guided · invade/invasion/invasive · mean/meaning/meaningful · compare/comparison/comparable · retaliate/retaliation/retaliatory · threaten/threat/threatening · dominate/domination/dominant · negotiate/negotiation/negotiable · manage/manager/manageable · know/knowledge/knowledgeable · industrialize/industry/industrial · (make redundant)/redundancy/redundant · inform/information/informative · quarrel/quarrel/quarrelsome · point/point/pointed · strengthen/strength/strong · evolve/evolution/evolutionary · suppress/suppression/suppressive.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Για το «redundant» δεν υπάρχει μονολεκτικό ρήμα στα αγγλικά — χρησιμοποιείται η περίφραση «make redundant» (απολύω λόγω πλεονασμού).

Χρήση λέξεων σε προτάσεις (Άσκηση Β.3)

Ερώτηση: Use the following words and/or phrases in sentences of your own so that their meaning is clear: likely to, whatever else, in the past, privacy, in all probability, take over, just because, compared to, consists of, reach the point of, dominated over, made a hard bargain, artificial, made reservations, furthermore.

Απάντηση:

• Λεξιλογική άσκηση ελεγχόμενης παραγωγής: κάθε πρόταση πρέπει να δείχνει καθαρά τη σημασία της δοσμένης λέξης/φράσης, χρησιμοποιώντας το γραμματικό/λεξιλογικό πλαίσιο του κειμένου (Tom/Laura, υπολογιστές).

Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Ενδεικτικές προτάσεις: "Computers are likely to change many jobs in the future." · "I don't know what else he needs, or whatever else there is to say." · "In the past, computers were huge and very slow." · "Everyone has a right to privacy." · "In all probability, this company will buy new computers next year." · "Robots will take over many repetitive jobs." · "You can't judge him just because he is young." · "A computer's speed cannot be compared to the human brain's complexity." · "This device consists of a screen, a keyboard and a hard disk." · "He will reach the point of losing his patience if the computer keeps crashing." · "The new manager dominated over the whole department." · "They made a hard bargain before signing the contract." · "Artificial intelligence is a fast-growing field." · "She made all the travel reservations online." · "He is clever; furthermore, he is very hard-working."

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Ενδεικτικές απαντήσεις — δεκτή κάθε πρόταση που δείχνει σωστά τη σημασία της λέξης/φράσης.
• Δεν πρόκειται για ελεύθερη έκθεση, αλλά για ελεγχόμενη εξάσκηση συγκεκριμένου λεξιλογίου του κεφαλαίου.

Πλάγιος λόγος (Άσκηση Β.4, a-h)

Ερώτηση: Rewrite the sentences using the new prompts. a. "Do you agree that the capacities of the computer are innumerable?" Tom asked Laura... b. "A computer without you and me will be a completely useless device." Laura explained to Tom... c. "If you don't make the machine work, you will be fired." He warned him... d. "Don't be rude and aggressive if you want to get on well with your colleagues." Her boss warned her... e. "You are a cruel blackmailer." She called him... f. "Have you arranged the programmes and made all the travel reservations?" He wanted to know if I... g. "Computers have caused unemployment, as they have deprived many clerks of their jobs." Laura has said... h. "There is no reason for quarrelling since I can't make you change your mind." Tom told Laura...

Απάντηση:

• Ερωτήσεις ναι/όχι → if/whether. Προστακτικές → not to + απαρέμφατο. Οι χρόνοι οπισθοχωρούν (backshift): will→would, present→past.

Σύνοψη: a. Tom asked Laura if/whether she agreed that the capacities of the computer were innumerable. b. Laura explained to Tom that a computer without him and her would be a completely useless device. c. He warned him that if he didn't make the machine work, he would be fired. d. Her boss warned her not to be rude and aggressive if she wanted to get on well with her colleagues. e. She called him a cruel blackmailer. f. He wanted to know if I had arranged the programmes and made all the travel reservations. g. Laura has said that computers have caused unemployment, as they have deprived many clerks of their jobs. h. Tom told Laura that there was no reason for quarrelling since he couldn't make her change her mind.

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Στην (g) το εισαγωγικό ρήμα είναι Present Perfect («has said»), οπότε ο χρόνος του πλαγίου λόγου συνήθως ΔΕΝ αλλάζει.

Προθέσεις + question tags (Άσκηση Β.5, a-j)

Ερώτηση: Fill in the blanks with the right preposition and add question tags at the end of each sentence. a. Tom is trying persuade Laura that computers are likely outlive human beings, ...? b. Tom says that computers, all probability, will take us the future, ...? c. Laura thinks that computers can't be compared the human brain, ...? d. The human brain consists millions cells, ...? e. Tom has said that computers will reach the point attacking their programmers and retaliating their new methods, ...? f. the future they will be a serious threat all people, ...? g. Laura believes that computers will always work man's supervision and control, ...? h. Computers have deprived many clerks their jobs, ...? i. Computers are likely become an invincible successor man's throne the natural evolution life this planet, ...? j. Laura is sarcastic, when she says that she is happy know that the future has a computerised world store ___ people, ...?

Απάντηση:

• Το question tag συμφωνεί με το υποκείμενο και τον χρόνο του κύριου ρήματος της πρότασης (θετική πρόταση → αρνητικό tag).

Σύνοψη: a. to persuade / to outlive, isn't he? b. in all probability / take over from us in the future, doesn't he? c. compared to the human brain, doesn't she? d. consists of millions of cells, doesn't it? e. the point of attacking / retaliating through their new methods, hasn't he? f. In the future / a threat to all people, won't they? g. work under man's supervision, doesn't she? h. deprived many clerks of their jobs, haven't they? i. likely to become / successor to man's throne / in the natural evolution / of life / on this planet, aren't they? j. happy to know / world in store for people, isn't she?

Κριτήρια αξιολόγησης:

• Πρόσεξε τους σταθερούς συνδυασμούς: take over from, be compared to, consist of, reach the point of, retaliate through, be a threat to, work under, deprive sb of, be in store for.