Ενδεικτικές λύσεις των 12 φιλτραρισμένων ασκήσεων της ενότητας (σελ. 269-272): 7 ερωτήσεις κατανόησης/κρίσης (A. Questions) + 5 κλειστές ασκήσεις λεξιλογίου/γραμματικής (B. Exercises).
Ερώτηση: From what you've read, does the writer believe that advertising is always powerful?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) No. The writer believes that advertising often works but sometimes doesn't; all ads have some effect, but some have much more effect than others.
Ερώτηση: What are the erroneous views of the public?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) People either grossly overestimate the effects of advertising (they think advertisers are "ruthless hidden persuaders who manipulate consumers like puppets") or foolishly underestimate them ("Adverts don't influence me at all, it's all a waste of money").
Ερώτηση: Do all ads have the same effect?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) No. All ads have some effect, but some have lots more effects than others.
Ερώτηση: In what way are advertising and physics different?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) Advertising deals with unpredictable animate humans, while physics deals with predictable inanimate things. That is why in advertising it is not possible to discover immutable, predictable laws, as in physics.
Ερώτηση: In advertising, how can we more or less achieve the results we've aimed at?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) If we do the right things, based on our intelligence, experience and skill.
Ερώτηση: Is it a likelihood or a certainty that if we do the things, we succeed in achieving the expected results? Why?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) It is a likelihood, not a certainty, because advertising, like medicine and unlike physics, deals with unpredictable animate humans and not with predictable inanimate things.
Ερώτηση: Do you think that the title of the passage has to do with colour?
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: (ενδεικτική) No. "Black and white" is used metaphorically: it means something absolutely clear and certain (all or nothing). The title says that the power of advertising is not such a clear, absolute matter; it has nothing to do with colours.
Ερώτηση: Do you know the opposites of the following words? a. impossible, b. simple, c. truth, d. overestimate, e. foolishly, f. erroneous, g. omnipotent, h. right, i. immutable, j. animate.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: a. possible. b. complicated/complex. c. falsehood/lie. d. underestimate. e. wisely. f. correct/accurate. g. powerless. h. wrong. i. mutable/changeable. j. inanimate.
Ερώτηση: Rewrite the sentences without changing their meaning. a. Ruthless persuaders manipulate consumers. Consumers... b. Adverts don't influence me. I am not... c. We cannot discover immutable laws. Immutable laws... d. If we do the right things, we will succeed. If the right things...
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: a. Consumers are manipulated by ruthless persuaders. b. I am not influenced by adverts. c. Immutable laws cannot be discovered (by us). d. If the right things are done, we will succeed.
Ερώτηση: The boldfaced parts of the following sentences are the answers; make up the questions. a. No, it isn't possible to persuade a person about the power of the mass media. b. Advertising doesn't always work. c. Advertising is like medicine. d. If we do the right things, we will achieve the expected results.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: a. Is it possible to persuade a person about the power of the mass media? b. What doesn't always work? c. What is advertising like? d. What will we achieve if we do the right things?
Πρόσεξε:
Ερώτηση: Identify which of the following words from the text are nouns, which are adjectives and which are verbs. a. outsider, b. effects, c. manipulate, d. underestimate, e. waste, f. erroneous, g. views, h. physics, i. discover, j. immutable, k. law, l. right, m. skill, n. likelihood, o. deals.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: a. outsider — noun. b. effects — noun. c. manipulate — verb. d. underestimate — verb. e. waste — noun. f. erroneous — adjective. g. views — noun. h. physics — noun. i. discover — verb. j. immutable — adjective. k. law — noun. l. right — adjective. m. skill — noun. n. likelihood — noun. o. deals — verb.
Ερώτηση: Form the adverbs deriving from the following adjectives: a. possible, b. simple, c. invariable, d. gross, e. foolish, f. particular, g. predictable, h. right.
Απάντηση:
Σύνοψη: a. possibly. b. simply. c. invariably. d. grossly. e. foolishly. f. particularly. g. predictably. h. rightly.
